This study was to determine the levels of ICT skills and ICT usage in the classroom among technical and vocational teachers in Malaysia. The data of this study were collected using quantitative techniques, whereby the questionnaire was administered to 329 technical and vocational teachers who were teaching engineering subjects in Malaysian technical and vocational schools. The questionnaire included items related to teachers' ICT skills, ICT use and their demographic factors. The study has shown that teachers' ICT skills were at moderate levels, and that a vast majority of teachers who participated in this study were moderate users of ICT in classroom teaching. There were significant differences of teachers' ICT skills as a function of demographic factors: gender, age, years of teaching experience, and type of ICT training. Also, there were significant correlations between ICT skills and ICT integration in classroom. Teachers' demographic factors (age, gender, teaching experience, except level of education) did not influence ICT integration in classroom.
Heavy rainfall greatly affects the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft. Aerodynamic efficiency degradation due to the heavy rain has been the cause of many aircraft accidents. We have studied the effects of heavy rain on the aerodynamic efficiency of NACA 0012 2D airfoil cruise and landing configurations and NACA 0012 3D rectangular wing. Our results show significant increase in drag and decrease in lift in heavy rain environment. For our study we used preprocessing software gridgen for creation of geometry and mesh and fluent as solver. Discrete phase modeling has been used to model the rain particles using two-phase flow approach. The rain particles have been assumed to be inert. In simulated rain environment, both the 2D airfoil and 3D wing showed significant decrease in lift and increase in drag. This study will be quite useful for the designer of the commercial aircrafts and unmanned aerial vehicles and will be helpful for training of the pilots to control the airplanes better in heavy rain environment.
This paper presents a novel framework for the design of a low altitude long endurance solar-powered UAV for multiple-day flight. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize wing airfoil using CST parameterization, along with wing, horizontal and vertical tail geometry. The mass estimation model presented in this paper is based on structural layout, design and available materials used in the fabrication of similar UAVs. This model also caters for additional weight due to the change in wing airfoil. The configuration is optimized for a user-defined static margin, thereby incorporating static stability in the optimization. Longitudinal and lateral control systems are developed for the optimized configuration using the inner–outer loop strategy with an LQR and PID controller, respectively. A six degree-of-freedom nonlinear simulation is performed for the validation of the proposed control scheme. The results of nonlinear simulations are in good agreement with static analysis, validating the complete design process.
Abstract-High dielectric constant, low porosity and nano-dimension particle of single layer magnesium oxide, MgO and multilayer ZnO/MgO were synthesized at different MgO solution molar concentration by the simple chemical solution technique. The MgO molar concentration was found to alter the properties of both single and multilayer films. Observation reveals the surface morphology change form uniform to agglomerate and porous structure with corresponding increase in molar concentration. The increment in particle size and the formation of agglomerated particle were observed by FESEM (JEOL JSM-J600F). The best prepared dielectric film for both single and multilayer is the film that deposited using 0.4 molar concentration MgO solution due to its high dielectric constant, uniform film, and the particle is in nanometer dimension with nonorod like structure.
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