BACKGROUND End-stage liver disease is a global health complication with high prevalence and limited treatment options. Cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerged as an alternative approach to support hepatic regeneration. In vitro preconditioning strategies have been employed to strengthen the regenerative and differentiation potential of MSCs towards hepatic lineage. Chemical compounds of the triterpene class; glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GT) possess diverse therapeutic properties including hepato-protection and anti-fibrosis characteristics. They are capable of modulating several signaling pathways that are crucial in hepatic regeneration. Preconditioning with hepato-protective triterpenes may stimulate MSC fate transition towards hepatocytes. AIM To explore the effect of GA and GT on hepatic differentiation of human umbilical cord-MSCs (hUC-MSCs). METHODS hUC-MSCs were isolated and characterized phenotypically by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry for the expression of MSC-associated surface molecules. Isolated cells were treated with GA, GT, and their combination for 24 h and then analyzed at three time points; day 7, 14, and 21. qRT-PCR was performed for the expression of hepatic genes. Expression of hepatic proteins was analyzed by immunocytochemistry at day 21. Periodic acid Schiff staining was performed to determine the functional ability of treated cells. RESULTS The fusiform-shaped morphology of MSCs in the treatment groups in comparison with the untreated control, eventually progressed towards the polygonal morphology of hepatocytes with the passage of time. The temporal transcriptional profile of preconditioned MSCs displayed significant expression of hepatic genes with increasing time of differentiation. Preconditioned cells showed positive expression of hepatocyte-specific proteins. The results were further corroborated by positive periodic acid Schiff staining, indicating the presence of glycogen in their cytoplasm. Moreover, bi-nucleated cells, which is the typical feature of hepatocytes, were also seen in the preconditioned cells. CONCLUSION Preconditioning with glycyrrhizic acid, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and their combination, successfully differentiates hUC-MSCs into hepatic-like cells. These MSCs may serve as a better therapeutic option for degenerative liver diseases in future.
Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L) oil is an excellent source of unsaturated fatty acids and secondary metabolites. Most commonly used in Eastern countries, easily available and cheap source of essential nutrients. Objective: To identify scientific evidence regarding the hypolipidemic effect of sesame seed oil and its derivatives. Elevated levels of plasma lipids and cholesterol is known as hyperlipidemia, increased lipids levels are directly associated with vascular and metabolic disorders. Hyperlipidemia is the most common risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Sesame seed oil is loaded in vitamin E, sesamin, sesamolin, sesamol, lignans, and phytoestrogen, these constituents have the potential to reduce hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated triglycerides levels. They also act as antioxidants to prevent lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. The mechanism behind the hypolipidemic effect of sesame seed oil is its ability to increase superoxide dismutase SOD and glutathione peroxidase (antioxidants), reduction in triglycerides, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. MDA is the end product of lipid peroxidation and triggers lipid accumulation in blood. It has been studied that Sesaminol diglucoside helps to reduce white fat deposition by increasing the conversion of fat into brown fat. Conclusions: Results suggest that sesame seed oil is highly effective to manage hyperlipidemia and dyslipidemia due to its lipid ameliorating and anti-oxidative effect
Clove, also known as Syzygium aromaticum (Family Myrtaceace), is the most important and second-most precious spice traded worldwide. Clove is a rich source of nutrients. Eugenol was discovered to exist in clove essential oil as a significant component. An examination of the essential oil's phytochemistry revealed the presence of steroids, glycosides, alkaloids, flavanoids, saponins, and flavonoids. Numerous pharmacological actions, including antihyperlipidemic, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory, are present in clove.
Mangoes are among the most popular fruits in the world because of their mouthwatering flavor, vibrant color, and inviting aroma. It belongs to the Anacardiaceae family and has many different varieties and health benefits. It has a strong nutritional profile and flourishes in tropical climates. Numerous studies conducted all around the world have shown that Mangifera indica Linn has a variety of medicinal and nutritional benefits. It has a specific nutritional and phytochemical content. Mango trees' many components offer a variety of advantages. There are a wide range of pharmacological, therapeutic, and numerous health benefits provided by the flower, seeds, leaves, bark, and raw as well as ripe fruits. Mangoes have higher levels of macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as a variety of bioactive chemicals found in various plant parts. For instance, mangiferin is a mango's main active ingredient. In this review article, we looked into a variety of mango benefits, such as its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, and gastrointestinal health benefits
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