The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of PL68 and soybean meal as alternative protein sources in the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The experiment lasted for four weeks. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the final weight and HSI between treatments. There were no significant differences for feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, condition factor, and fillet weight between groups. The flesh color parameters, pH values and water losses (dripping loss, thawing loss, and cooking loss) did not show any significant differences between the three dietary treatments. In conclusion the result of this study showed that PL68 and soybean meal can partially replace fishmeal in common carp’s diet without any adverse effect on growth but further research is needed to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of PL68.
Two experiments were conducted to determine energy (Exp. 1) and P (Exp. 2) utilization in poultry meal (
PM
) for broiler chickens. A total of 192 birds were allotted to 3 experimental diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor on d 15 and 16 post hatching in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Each diet was fed to 8 replicate cages with 8 birds per cage in both experiments. Initial BW of birds in Exp. 1 and 2 were 438 ± 76.9 g and 543 ± 50.2 g, respectively. Three corn-soybean meal-based diets were prepared to contain 0, 80, or 160 g/kg in Exp. 1 and 0, 50, or 100 g/kg in Exp. 2. In Exp. 1, the addition of PM to the reference diet linearly decreased (
P
< 0.01) the apparent ileal digestibility of DM and gross energy (
GE
), as well as the apparent total tract utilization (
ATTU
) of DM, GE, and N in diets; but did not affect the ileal digestible energy, ME, and MEn of diets. The ileal digestible energy, ME, and MEn of PM estimated by the regression method were 4,002, 3,756, and 3,430 kcal/kg DM, respectively, representing 58 to 68% of the GE in PM. In Exp. 2, graded concentration of PM in the reference diet linearly decreased (
P
< 0.05) ATTU of DM but linearly increased (
P
< 0.01) ATTU of P and quadratically increased ATTU of Ca in diets. The true ileal digestibility and true total tract utilization of P in PM estimated by the regression method were 77.5 and 79.0%, respectively. In conclusion, these results showed that inclusion of poultry meal in the diets of broiler chickens reduced the digestibility of GE but increased the utilization of P. The regression-estimated energy values and P digestibility of PM in the current studies may be used in diet formulation.
The digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in faba beans (FB) and field peas (FP) fed to growing pigs were estimated by the difference procedure in 2 experiments using the total collection method. Twenty-four barrows with mean initial body weight (BW) of 20 kg (SD = 1.13) and 20.4 kg (SD = 0.56) in the first (Exp. 1) and second experiment (Exp. 2), respectively, were assigned to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. A reference diet was prepared using corn, soybean meal, and soybean oil as the energy contributing ingredients. Organic FB and DS Admiral FP (FPD) in Exp. 1 and Hampton FP (FPH) and 4010 FP (FP4) in Exp. 2 were included at 30% in the reference diet. In Exp. 1, the determined DE and ME were 3,772 and 3,606 kcal.kg-1 DM, and 3,683 and 3,589 kcal.kg-1 DM in FB and FPD, respectively. In Exp. 2, the respective DE and ME were 4,164 and 4,014 kcal.kg-1 DM in FPH and 3,574 and 3,467 kcal.kg-1 DM in FP4. In conclusion, the determined ME values for FB and FP were 77 to 90% of GE.
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