Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is one of the low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies that aim to support enormous connections, featuring wide-area coverage, low power consumption, and low costs. NB-IoT could serve a massive number of IoT devices, but with very limited radio resources. Therefore, how to enable a massive number of IoT devices to transmit messages periodically, and with low latency, according to transmission requirements, has become the most crucial issue of NB-IoT. Moreover, IoT devices are designed to minimize power consumption so that the device battery can last for a long time. Similarly, the NB-IoT system must configure different power-saving mechanisms for different types of devices to prolong their battery lives. In this study, we propose a persistent periodic uplink scheduling algorithm (PPUSA) to assist a plethora of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in reporting their sensing data based on their sensing characteristics. PPUSA explicitly considers the power-saving mode and connection suspend/resume procedures to reduce the IoT device’s power consumption and processing overhead. PPUSA allocates uplink resource units to IoT devices systematically so that it can support the periodic–uplink transmission of a plethora of IoT devices while maintaining low transmission latency for bursty data. The simulation results show that PPUSA can support up to 600,000 IoT devices when the NB-IoT uplink utilization is 80%. In addition, it takes only one millisecond for the transmission of the bursty messages.
Abstract-Mobile ad-hoc network or MANET is an autoorganizing network of mobile nodes. It lacks centralized control and is connected by wireless links. One of the many benefits of MANETs is that it can be utilized where there is no proper infrastructural support for wireless access and wired backbone is not possible. One major drawbacks of MANET is that as it is an infracture-less network, created on the fly, so here each node also functions as a router. So, each node participates in the routing of packets and information along the network. Due to this feature in MANETs, it is convenient to attack one of the nodes of MANET and then organize an attack on the whole network. To, secure the routing protocols in MANETs there are already a number of security features included in many of the unicast and multicast routing protocols. Like the use of unique signature and the use of secured algorithmic approach to secure against the various network layer routing attacks in MANETs. In this paper it is proposed that the use of hashing and secured algorithmic approaches like, Alpha Numeric Routing, when combined can introduce a unique security feature to On-Demand Routing protocols both in its multicast and unicast avatars. Some comparison, is done in the end of the new approach combines with the existing approaches by only using, Alpha Numeric Reflex Routing Algorithm. The outcome of the implementation was as expected, the results satisfied the input algorithms. Last but not the least analysis of the results is done and there is a discussion about the obtained results.
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