Introduction: Nutrient artery is the chief artery for the blood supply of the long bone and passes through the nutrient foremen which lie towards the medial border in the anteromedial surface below the midpoint in humerus. During the surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation, the knowledge of nutrient foramen is important. The nutrient artery plays an important role in nonunion and delayed union of fracture bone. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the number, position and direction of the nutrient foramina of humerus. Materials and Methods: 50 humerus, 21 of right and 29 of left side were studied without any pathological disorders. Results: Single nutrient foremen was observed in 80% humerus. Double foramen in 16%. There was no foramen in 4% humerus. It was also concluded that 88% humerus had the nutrient foremen in anteromedial surface. Nutrient foremen were dominant in Zone II with 82%. All foramen were directed towards the lower end of humeri. Conclusion: The presence of single foramen in the zone II was dominant. The nutrient foramina were also dominant in the anteromedial surface of the humerus.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by a chronic high level of blood sugar with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action or both. Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease which leads to the destruction of the periodontal ligament fibers and alveolar bone until tooth loss. Among the several factors that may manifest periodontitis like aging, genetic factors, poor oral hygiene, obesity and virulence of the attacking micro-organisms, type 2 diabetes mellitus has received the greatest attention. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the association type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontal condition among population in mid-western region of Nepal. Methods: We screened 200 subjects of age group from 30 to 50 years and divided into two groups: Group I – diabetic person and Group II were non diabetic. Oral examination was done to get the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need score and correlation between Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease was determined. Results: Our result showed strong correlation between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. When the evaluation was done for prevalence of periodontal disease according to diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of periodontal disease was significantly higher in diabetic person compared to non-diabetic individuals (88% vs 74.4%, P=0.03). [Odds Ratio = 11.826 and 95% confidence interval: 5.415-21.828]. Conclusion: Provided Diabetes mellitus related morbidity and mortality is burgeoning in our society and it is imperative to identify right indicators of periodontal disease for specific population.
Introduction: Arm span and hand length can be used for the estimation of an individual stature. Arm span, hand length, foot length, head circumference etc. have been proved to be useful to correctly estimate the height of a person. It can be useful in various medico legal purposes. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to find the correlation between the arm-span and hand length with the standing height of both males and females and to derive regression equations for estimation of their height. Materials and Method: This cross sectional type of descriptive study was carried out with a total number of 200 Nepalese medical students consisting of 120 male and 80 female aged between 18 to 24 years. Stature, arm span and hand length were measured directly from the subjects by using anthropometric technique by a measuring tape and a spreading caliper. The data taken were statistically analyzed by computation. The relationship between body height, arm span and hand length were determined using simple correlation coefficients. Result and Conclusion: In this study, the correlation between the arm-span and hand length with the standing height of both males and females was found to be an accurate predictor of the height and regression formulae were derived for calculating the height of male or female with the arm-span and hand length.
Introduction: Trauma is a public health issue associated with substantial socioeconomic impacts and major adverse clinical outcomes. No single study has previously investigated the predictors of mortality in a general trauma population. In this study, we assessed different clinico-biochemical parameters to investigate the associations between those parameters and their effects in outcome of a polytrauma patient. Methods: An analytical study was done in between January 2020 to December 2020 in patients with polytrauma admitted to intensive care unit Department of Surgery in Manipal Teaching Hospital to assess the effect of various socio-demographic and clinic-radiologic variables in outcome (Glasgow outcome scale) of polytrauma patients. All the categorical data were tested using chi square test or Fischer Exact test and continuous variables were tested using student’s “t” test. P value <0.05 was determined significant. Those independent variables significant on univariate analysis were then subjected to binary logistic regression and the data was presented as level of significance, odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Analysis was done using SPSS 23.0. Results: Out of 67 patients, 34 had favorable GOS and 33 had unfavorable GOS. Injury Severity Score (ISS) (P<0.01), abnormal pupils (P<0.01), RBS (0.04), low GCS during presentation (<0.01), higher CT Marshal Grade (0.01) had strong associations with unfavorable outcome in polytraumatic patient. ISS was the only significant parameter when all the other significant variables were kept constant in binary logistic regression model (OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.08-1.28). Conclusion: Injury Severity Score, abnormal pupils during presentation, high level of blood sugar after polytrauma, low GCS during presentation, higher CT Marshal Grade are strong predictors in outcomes of polytraumatic patient.
Introduction: Estimation of stature is an important step in identification of an individual, which often is required in medio-legal practice. It provides a valuable indicator for unknown individual in a population. Through the remains of human skeletal or body parts stature of an individual can be estimated. Methods and Materials: Percutaneous tibial length (PCTL) is measured in present study to estimate the stature by formulating simple regression equation. The PCTL was measured by the surface anatomical landmarks that is between most prominent part of medial condyle of tibia and tip of medial malleolus. Result: Positive correlation was found between the length of tibia and estimated height. A linear regression formula was derived for estimation of height from the length of right and left tibia. Conclusion: Estimated height and observed height were closely related within the range of error. Differences in length of right and left tibia showed statistically non-significant. RESULTSThe range of height was from 154.1-186 cm in present study and was divided in four quartiles. Maximum number of subjects i.e. 71 were with in the range of 171-180 which is Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College, 2017
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