Arsenic poisoning through groundwater is the world's greatest normal groundwater catastrophe which got an immense effect on worldwide general wellbeing. India is confronting the outcomes of arsenic poisoning in the zone of Ganga Brahmaputra alluvial plains. In Bihar out of 38 districts, 18 districts are exceptionally influenced with groundwater arsenic defilement. In the present study, we have assessed the current situation of arsenic exposure in Sabalpur village of Saran district of Bihar after reporting of breast, renal, skin and thyroid cancer cases from this village along with typical symptoms of arsenicosis. Such cancer patients were identified at our institute and were taken for the study. The present investigation deals with the quantification of arsenic in groundwater, hair and nail samples as well as the survey of entire village to know the overall health status of the village people. Altogether, 128 groundwater samples through handpumps, 128 human hair and nail samples respectively were collected from over 520 households. Using the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GF-AAS), all the samples were analysed. The investigation resulted that the 61% of the analysed samples particularly the groundwater had the arsenic levels more than the permissible limit of WHO (>10µg/L) with 244.20µg/L as the greatest arsenic contamination in one of the groundwater sample. The exposure effect of hair sample was worst as 88% of all the collected samples were having high arsenic levels more than the permissible limit (>0.2mg/Kg). In case of nails samples, 92% of the samples were having high arsenic concentration more than the permissible limit (>0.5mg/Kg). The health survey study uncovered the exceptionally chronic weakness status of the village populace as individuals were experiencing the issues like asthma, anaemia, hepatomegaly, diabetes, cardiac problem, skin fungal infections, breathlessness, mental disability, etc. Few cancer cases of renal, skin, breast and cervix were also found among the population of this village. The percentage of cancer cases in this village was 0.94% that is low but it would be an aggravated situation in the near future if people will continue drinking arsenic contaminated water. Therefore, a mitigation intervention was done in March 2020 by installing an arsenic filter plant. The health situation in the present scenario is hope to restore in the village in the coming years. However, motivation and awareness among the village population is still required.
The extremely hazardous trace metal arsenic is ubiquitous in the Earth’s crust contaminating groundwater globally. The present study was conducted to evaluate the arsenic-induced hepato-nephro alterations, enzymatic inhibition and neurobehavioral instability and in Charles foster rats. Rats were divided into four groups (n = 6; each) weighing with 160 ± 20 g. The group I (control) received arsenic free distilled water and remaining three treatment group (group II − 5 mg kg− 1 body weight, group III; 8mg kg− 1 body weight and group IV; 12mg kg− 1 body weight) were treated with Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) in combination with distilled water for 90 days. This experimental exposure reveals severe haematological, biochemical and histopathological changes along with neuro-behavioural disorders. The presence of arsenic in blood were analysed through Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GF-AAS). Compare to control group the analysed level of arsenic is too high in blood. The saviour significantly (P < 0.0001) changes were observed in haematological and hepato-nephro biochemical parameters. In observational view the behavioural infirmities, weight loss, hair loss, keratosis and the limb paralysis seen. The study concludes that regular exposure of arsenic significantly alters the levels of antioxidants (ROS) and leads to severe cellular alteration in hepato-nephro region compare to control group.
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