The extremely hazardous trace metal arsenic is ubiquitous in the Earth’s crust contaminating groundwater globally. The present study was conducted to evaluate the arsenic-induced hepato-nephro alterations, enzymatic inhibition and neurobehavioral instability and in Charles foster rats. Rats were divided into four groups (n = 6; each) weighing with 160 ± 20 g. The group I (control) received arsenic free distilled water and remaining three treatment group (group II − 5 mg kg− 1 body weight, group III; 8mg kg− 1 body weight and group IV; 12mg kg− 1 body weight) were treated with Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) in combination with distilled water for 90 days. This experimental exposure reveals severe haematological, biochemical and histopathological changes along with neuro-behavioural disorders. The presence of arsenic in blood were analysed through Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GF-AAS). Compare to control group the analysed level of arsenic is too high in blood. The saviour significantly (P < 0.0001) changes were observed in haematological and hepato-nephro biochemical parameters. In observational view the behavioural infirmities, weight loss, hair loss, keratosis and the limb paralysis seen. The study concludes that regular exposure of arsenic significantly alters the levels of antioxidants (ROS) and leads to severe cellular alteration in hepato-nephro region compare to control group.
Arsenic (As) is an environmental toxin distributed in groundwater which is presently a global concern. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of SCEE in the mitigation of arsenic-induced hepato-renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats. Thirty male Charles foster rats (140-160 g) were randomly assigned into three groups. Group I (n = 6) - Control, Group II (n = 6) - SCEE control was administrated with 600 mg kg-1 body weight daily for 60 days and the last Group III (n = 24) was As-treated at 8 mg kg-1 body weight daily for 90 days. Subsequently, Group III was further divided into three subgroups. The subgroup I (n = 6) was immediately sacrificed to observe the arsenic-induced toxicity. Subgroup II (n = 6) was kept on a normal diet for 60 days for auto recovery. Subgroup III (n = 6) was administrated orally by SCEE at 600 mg kg-1 body weight daily for 60 days to decipher the therapeutic potential against arsenic-induced toxicity. The experimental exposure reveals various changes in biochemical parameters of the liver function test and kidney function test in addition to histopathological studies. Chronic exposure to arsenic significantly (p < 0.0001) increased the levels of lipid peroxidation along with significantly reducing the activity of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Significant (p < 0.0001) arsenic accumulation was observed in the hepatic-nephron tissues. The dose-dependent SCEE administration against Astoxicity had progressive survival benefits on antioxidant levels, enzymatic activities and histopathological changes. Thus, the study concludes that S.cumini seed has a protective effect against As-induced oxidative stress and hepato-renal intoxication.
During the first and second year of study the lowest air temperature was recorded in the month of January at all the sites . The air temperature showed positive and significant correlation with water temperature at all the sites. Chakraborty et ah (1980), Kant and Anand (1998) and Rawat et al. (2010) also obtained strong positive and significant correlation between air and water temperatures. Generally, the water temperature is influenced by air temperature and intensity of solar radiation. In the present study the lowest and highest water temperatures were recorded respectively in the winter and summer months. The highest water temperature (250C) recorded during the summer months might be due to higher air temperature and greater penetration of sunlight. The water temperature was low during winter and high during summer might be due to seasonal impacts at all the centers {Singh et al., 1999b).
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