ARTÍCULO ORIGINALAvila-Curiel A y col.
La desnutrición infantil en el medio rural mexicanoAbelardo Avila-Curiel, M.C., M. en M.S.,(1) Teresa Shamah-Levy, Lic. en Nutr.,Carlos Galindo-Gómez, Lic. en Nutr., (1) Gerardo Rodríguez-Hernández, Lic. en Nutr.,Linda M. Barragán-Heredia, Lic. en Nutr.(
ResumenObjetivo. Conocer la situación nutricional de la población infantil del medio rural mexicano, comparándola con la situación previa y localizando las zonas más afectadas. Material y métodos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 38 232 familias, pertenecientes a 855 localidades, seleccionadas probabilísticamente. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas a 31 601 menores de cinco años. El análisis se realizó en consideración a la población de referencia peso/ edad, peso/talla y talla/edad. Resultados. La desnutrición global afecta a 42.7% de los niños de acuerdo con el indicador peso/edad (IC= 1.9%); hace 22 años las formas de desnutrición moderada y severa eran de 17.4% y actualmente son de 19.3%. Respecto a talla/edad afecta a 55.9% (IC= 1.9%), y a peso/talla a 18.9%. Conclusiones. La ENAL96 muestra que la desnutrición sigue siendo un problema muy grave, que no se ha solucionado y que sigue afectando a las regiones del sur en donde hay mayor prevalencia de grupos indígenas.
The objective was to identify the association between the knowledge about nutrition with obesity or overweight in 1,245 women from low income households in Mexico City. Data was obtained of an Urban Food and Nutrition Survey 2002 in Mexico City. An ordinal logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between overweight and obesity (OWOB), obesity (OB) and nutrition knowledge and select variables. The variables that related to OWBO were: correct (OR=2.00, p=0.017) or regular nutrition knowledge (OR=1.54, p=0.035), age of 30 yr old (OR=3.00, p<0.001), to be illiterate or have not finished the elementary school (OR=2.00, P=0.016), elementary and junior high school completed (OR=1.61, p=0.034), belonging to a medium ‐ low socioeconomic status (OR=1.90, p=0.003), and high fat consumption (OR=1.65, p=0.024). For OB were: age of 30 yr old (OR=2.42, p<0.001) and high fat consumption (OR=1.67, p=0.029). Approach to intervention strategies in the control and prevention of overweight and obesity should be considering the level of knowledge of nutrition of the population.
Since the founding of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1946, it has reported on the serious problem of hunger in the world and has undertaken various initiatives for eradicating this problem; however, they have ended in failure. The number of people suffering from hunger has increased from 500 to 800 million in a period of six decades, despite constant growth in world food production, which has been more than sufficient to cover the needs of all of humanity since the 1970s. This paper analyses FAO initiatives in the framework of the evolution of the nutritional situation in developing countries and identifies national and regional contexts in which technical solutions may be successful, as well as those requiring the implementation of economic, political and social measures.
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