Almond (Prunus dulcis), camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and clove (Syzgium aromaticum) crude oils, silicate, Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces griseus and a fungus Gliocladium virens culture filtrates in addition to Topas-100 EC (10% penconazole) were used to study of their effects on powdery mildew caused by the fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum. Camphor oil (5 ml/L), clove + camphor + almond (2 and 5 ml/L), G. virens filtrate and Topas-100 (240 ppm) completely inhibited the conidial germination after 24, 48 and 72 h. Topas-100 treatment was the most effective treatment in reducing powdery mildew disease severity of squash with an average of 10.34%, followed by clove oil (5 and 10 ml/L), camphor oil (5 and 10 ml/L) and the mixture of clove +

Antifungal efficacy for some oxides of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) e.g. magnesium (MgO), copper (CuO), silicon (SiO2) and zinc (ZnO) was evaluated against fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotioum on bean plants under different conditions. The examined NPs exhibited significant effect on hyphal morphology and fungal linear growth under field trail in the following order: MgONPs> SiO2NPs> ZnONPs> CuONPs compared with control group. However under storage condition, the disease severity along NPs-treated bean pods were in the order: MgONPs> SiO2NPs> ZnONPs> CuONPs compared with infected control which did not exceed 30.23% and non-infected (14.68%). Bean pods treated with NPs showed significantly increase in chlorophyll content, total phenols, and ascorbic acid compared with non-infected pods during storage period for 4 weeks. The examined NPs exhibited positive accumulation in pods tissues, except MgO was lower than non-infected group. The present findings may display the potential effect metal oxides in agricultural sector need more studies to achieve their adverse effects on consumers and environmental impacts.

The highest concerns of consumers who need food safety are pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. In this study, a total fifty-five pesticide residues from different chemical groups including insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, acaricides and others compounds were detected in different kinds of fruits (apple, grapes, and guava) and vegetables (squash, cucumber, tomatoes, pepper and cantaloupe) collected from local markets in Cairo Governorate. The method is based on a modified QuEChERS procedure (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged & safe) using acetonitrile for extraction and partition.. Analytical determinations of the 55 pesticides were carried out with gas chromatography using micro electron capture detector (µECD) and flame photometric detector (FPD).. The data obtained indicated that, the mean recoveries of the pesticides were between 81.20 and 98.70 %. The detection limits (LOD) and quantification limits (LOQ) of pesticide residues for the method were ranged (0.002 -0.009 µg/g) and between 0.01 -0.05 (µg/g), respectively. Of the 55 pesticides analyzed,32 (58.2%), 31(56.4), and 34(61.8) of pesticide residues were detected in the apple, grapes and guava respectively, while 30(54.5%), 31(56.4%), 30(54.5%) 24(43.6) and 27(49.1) of pesticide residues were detected in the squash, cucumber, tomatoes, pepper and cantaloupe respectively. The percentages of pesticide residues that exceeded the MRLs in both fruits and vegetables (apple. grape and guava) were12.7%, 16.4% and 16.4 (squash, cucumber, tomatoes pepper and cantaloupe) were 5.5%, 7.3%, 3.6%, 9.1% and 3.6% respectively.

The object of this study was determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in freshwater samples collected along the Nile River at the Rosetta branch at Shubra Khait region El-Behera Governorate and Kufr EL-Zayat region, EL-Gharbia Governorate from two sites in different seasons during 2016-2017. The determination of organochlorine pesticide residues (PP-DDT, endosulfan, endrin, PP-DDD, OP-DDE, OP-DDD, Aldrin, Heptachlor-epoxide, heptachlor, d-HCH, a-HCH, g-HCH, dieldrin, PP-DDE, and methoxychlor) carried out by GC-µECD. The results indicated that the concentrations of pesticide residues monitored was below the permissible limits according to the World Health Organization (2011). Therefore, it is recommended to preserve the water of the Nile River by not dumpling sewage, agricultural and industrial waste without treatment in the Nile water and using pesticides in good way.