<p><strong><em>Abstract. </em></strong><em>Mangroves is important ecosystem in coastal. </em><em>However, multiple  destructive activities to cause reduced mangrove area. The information about area and criteria of mangrove in Sidangoli coastal area, had been doing, however information ecology mangrove unexplored. This information is required to plan better conservation strategy of mangrove. The study was conducted to infer the ecology of mangrove in the Sidangoli coastal of west halmahera regency, North Mollucas. A total of location diveded by four and </em><em>perform in November 2014. Mangrove sampling, done by the "spot check".</em> <em>The results showed that mangrove of </em><em>thickness ranging from 145-750 meters and founded 11 </em><em>specieses from 5 families of mangroves. The ecology analysis showed that </em><em>frequency and density of mangrove founded station three. </em><em>Whereas </em><em>persent cover contained station four and value sicnificant analysis in all station. The mangrove vegetation analysis contained the high frequency, density and value sicnificant is </em><em>Rhizopora stylosa</em><em> and high persent cover Sonneratia alba.the overall observation of mangrove explaided that mangrove ecosystem enter in low/damage criteria.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em>:</em></strong><em>  </em><em>Mangroves;</em><em>  </em><em>Rhizopora stylosa</em><em>; spot check</em><em>;</em><em> Sonneratia alba</em><em></em></p><p align="left"> </p><strong>Abstrak. </strong>Mangrove merupakan ekosistem penting di kawasan pesisir. Tetapi, berbagai macam aktivitas yang bersifat destruktif telah menurunkan luas penyebaran lahan mangrove. Informasi tentang luas dan kriteria mangrove di kawasan pesisir Sidangoli, Kabupaten Halmahera Barat telah dilakukan. Akan tetapi informasi tentang nilai ekologi mangrove belum dilaporkan, sehingga perlu adanya kajian tentang anailsis ekologi mangrove. Informasi nilai ekologi dapat dijadikan sebagai data untuk dijadikan sebagi acuan dalam merencanakan strategi konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai ekologi mangrove dikawasan pesisir Sidangoli Kabupaten Halmahera Barat, Maluku Utara. Lokasi penelitian dibagi menjadi empat dan penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2014. Pengambilan contoh mangrove, di lakukan dengan menggunakan metode <em>“spot chek”</em><em>. </em>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketebalan mangrove berkisar 145-750 meter dan diperoleh sebanyak 11 jenis dari 5 famili mangrove. Analisis ekologi memperlihatkan bahwa nilai total kerapatan dan frekuensi tertinggi ditemukan pada stasiun  tiga. Sedangkan tutupan tertinggi pada stasiun empat serta nilai penting pada setiap stasiun adalah 300. Analisis vegetasi mangrove disetiap stasiun diperoleh kerapatan, frekuensi dan nilai penting jenis tertinggi adalah <em>Rhizopora stylosa</em> serta tutupan jenis tertinggi adalah <em>Sonneratia alba</em>. Total pangamatan jenis mangrove dan jumlah yang tersedia, menggambarkan kondisi ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Sidangoli masuk dalam kategori rendah/rusak.

Abstract. Madduppa H, Putri ASP, Wicaksono RZ, Subhan B, Akbar N, Ismail F, Arafat D, Prabuning D, Sani LMI, Srimariana ES, Baksir A, Bengen DG. 2020. Morphometric and DNA Barcoding of endemic Halmaheran walking shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera, Allen, 2013) in North Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3331-3343. The walking shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera) commonly referred to as bamboo shark, is a shark species that belongs to the Hemiscyllidae family which is endemic in North Maluku, and Indonesian waters. These Hemiscyllium species are generally confined to the Australian-New Guinea region, save a specie which originates from Halmahera, an Indonesian island. Ever since its discovery, sufficient information on its existence has been largely unavailable. Hence, the purpose of this study is (1) to assess the morphology, using meristic measurements and length-weight relationship, and (2) to determine the molecular characteristics through DNA barcoding, phylogenetic reconstruction, and genetic diversity. The samples used in this research were obtained from Halmahera Archipelago, North Maluku, including Halmahera, Tidore, Ternate, Maitara, and Guraici in several expeditions between March 2017 and January 2018. 36 individuals in total were measured for morphometric parameters including Total Length (TL), Standard Length (SL), Head Length (HL), Body Circumference (BC), and Body Weight (BW). Out of a total of 36 sharks, tissue samples were obtained from 32 individuals for molecular identification. After the required measurements were obtained, all individuals sharks were released back to their habitat safely. Equations of linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between length and weight. Morphometric measurements indicated that the average total length of the walking shark samples obtained, were not more than 75± cm for both male and female specimens. The length-weight analysis revealed a positive allometric growth pattern in H. halmahera species, where weight was gained faster than an increase in length. The results of the DNA fragment length analysis from all samples were 793-bp. All 32 tissue samples identified as H. halmahera consisted of 3 samples from Ternate Island, 14 samples from Maitara Island, 9 samples from Guraici Island (South Halmahera), 10 samples from Central Halmahera, and 2 samples from Tidore Island. These results confirmed that DNA subsequence analysis indicates that H. halmahera is different from those sequences extracted from Genbank in the Australia-New Guinea region. This study successfully identified H. halmahera based on their morphological and molecular characters, and has therefore contributed to international genetic database (Barcoding Of Life Database-BOLD) for further studies.

Halmahera Epaulette Shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera) is an endemic fish in the North Maluku sea. This species was first discovered in two spots of Halmahera waters namely Ternate and Bacan in 2013. Halmahera Epaulette Shark research was continue in Weda and Kao Bay in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Those previous studies, however, did not reveal the morphological description of this species in the other part of the Halmahera Islands. This research was made to enhance the information about this species from the other part of Halmahera waters with a purpose to describe the morphology of Halmahera epaulette shark. The study was carried out in remote areas of Loleo, Tidore, Maitara, Mare, and Lelei Island in 2018. Photos of fish were documented, some meristic and morphometric characters and body weigt were measured. Halmahera epaulette shark has many local names. Observation results showed that many dark brown spots with different patterns and shapes were present with 0.5-1.2 cm in diameter. The total and standard lengths were 40-63 cm and 35-55 cm, respectively. Head length and head width ranged from 7-12 cm and 3-6 cm, respectively. The head height ranged from 9-10 cm. The body circumference of fish ranged between 11-24 cm. Pectoral fins length ranged from 4-6 cm. The dorsal fin length ranged from 5-6 cm. The lower tail length ranged from 4-6 cm. The upper tail length ranged from 4-6 cm. Fish mouth type is subterminal with pointed teeth.

The objective of the present study was to examine the ecological indices and mapping the mangrove ecosystem in the coastal region of Maitara Island, North Moluccas Province. The study was conducted during 2015 at three stations. The results showed that 4 species of mangrove belong to 3 families were recorded during the study. The total density of stations was 215.78 tree/hectare, the frequency was 722.22 tree/hectare, the percent cover was 189.29% and the significant value was 300 in every station. Rhizopora apicullata, Avicennia alba, Sonneratia alba have the highest density and frequency, while the lowest density and frequency were Sonneratia caseolaris. Sonneratia alba, S. caseolaris, Avicennia alba have the highest percent cover. Overall, the diversity of mangroves is minor. The characterization of zonation showed that Rhizhopora sp. is a leading constituent of mangrove ecosystem from coast line to the hinterland of Maitara Island.

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Abstract. The objective of the present study was to examine the biological indicesof mangrove inAbstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi indeks ekologi mangrove di Pulau Mare, Tidore Kepulauan, Maluku Utara. Pengambilan data pada tahun 2015 yang terbagi atas tiga lokasi yang ditetapkan berdasarkan keterwakilan kawasan mangrove. Pengambilan contoh mangrove dilakukan menggunakan metode line transek kuadrant. Hasil penelitian diperoleh ketebalan mangrove berkisar 85-150 meter. Komposisi jenis mangrove diperoleh 5 jenis dari 3 famili mangrove. Jenis mangrove Rhizophora ditemukan paling mendominasi disetiap stasiun. Indeks ekologi mangrove kategori kerapatan, frekuensi, tutupan dan keanekaragaman jenis paling tinggi terdapat di stasiun satu. Sedangkan kriteria nilai penting pada setiap stasiun adalah 300. Analisis vegetasi jenis mangrove pada setiap stasiun diperoleh kerapatan, frekuensi, keanekaragaman jenis dan nilai penting jenis tertinggi adalah Rhizophora apicullata, kemudian tutupan jenis tertinggi adalah Sonneratia alba. Keseluruhan hasil pengamatan dan analisis, menggambarkan bahwa kondisi mangrove di pulau Mare masuk dalam kategori rendah/jarang. Kata kunci: Line transek kuadrant, Mangrove, Rhizophora apicullata, Sonneratia alba, Pulau Tidore PendahuluanPulau Mare secara administrasi masuk dalam kota Tidore kepulauan. Pulau ini memiliki potensi ekosistim mangrove. Berdasarkan laporan bahwa hutan mangrove di Kota Tidore kepulauan adalah seluas 10.143,70 Ha dan terdapat paling kurang 12 jenis (DKP, 2011). Hutan mangrove memiliki fungsi ekologis yaitu sebagai pelindung garis pantai, mencegah intrusi air laut, habitat (tempat tinggal), tempat mencari makan (feeding ground), tempat asuhan dan pembesaran (nursery ground), tempat pemijahan (spawning ground) bagi aneka biota perairan, serta sebagai pengatur iklim mikro. Selain itu fungsi lain ekosistem ini adalah ekonomi dimana dijadikan sebagai penghasil keperluan rumah tangga, penghasil keperluan industri, dan penghasil bibit . Dalam beberapa dekade belakangan ini, luasan mangrove semakin berkurang sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan kawasan mangrove yang lebih intensif (Dharmawan et al., 2015).Bapedas (2010) melaporkan bahwa luasan mangrove kota Tidore Kepulauan dengan kerapatan tinggi yaitu 1,879.35 Ha dan kurang rapat sebesar 220.32 Ha. Lebih lanjut Bapedas (2010) melaporkan bahwa lahan kritis ekosistem mangrove di daerah tersebut sebesar 78 Ha dan kondisi baik adalah 130 Ha. Persoalan mendasar kerusakan mangrove adalah penebangan untuk pemanfaatan kayu, pengembangan kawasan budidaya perikanan, reklamasi dan perumahan (Saparinto, 2007; Dharmawan dan Pramudji, 2014). Selain itu penyebab lain adalah perencaanan dan pengelolaan sumberdaya mangrove masih rendah serta kesadaran masyarakat terhadap manfaat hutan mangrove juga minim.Keberadaan hutan mangrove sangat penting untuk menjaga keberlangsungan hidup sumberdaya ikan dan juga keberadaan biota disekitar mangrove . Kerusakan yang terjadi akan mengakibatkan penurunan ketersediaan benih alami, stok ...

Ekosistem mangrove di pesisir pulau Sibu mendapatkan berbagai macam tekanan pemanfaatan dari manusia. Hal ini memberikan gambaran bahwa perlu danya informasi ekologi. Stasiun penelitian ditetapkan sebanyak 3 stasiun, yang meliputi bagian utara, selatan dan timur Pulau Sibu. Pengambilan contoh mangrove, di lakukan dengan menggunakan metode transect quadrant dan spot check. Hasil penelitian diperoleh ketebalan hutan mangrove dikawasan Pulau Sibu berdasarkan pengamatan adalah 410 meter (Stasiun I),  321 meter (Stasiun II) dan 389 meter (Stasiun III). Komposisi jenis hutan mangrove dari hasil pengamatan dan identifikasi diperoleh sebanyak 10 jenis dari 4 famili. Nilai struktur komunitas dan vegetasi mangrove berdasarkan stasiun pengamatan diperoleh 24,44 ind/ m2 dan diikuti oleh stasiun II dengan nilai 24,17 ind/ m2  dan terendah pada stasiun III yaitu 18,83 ind/m2. Kategori peluang kehadiran jenis ditemukan paling tinggi terdapat pada stasiun I yakni 5,00 ind/m2, kemudian stasiun II dengan nilai 4,17  ind/m2  dan stasiun III yakni 2,83  ind/m2. Persentasi tutupan tertinggi vegetasi mangrove ditemukan pada stasiun stasiun I yaitu 18,19, disusul stasiun II sebesar 15,29 dan terendah stasiun III dengan nilai 12,49. Kategori nilai penting untuk keseluruhan stasiun memiliki nilai sama yaitu 300 %. Struktur komunitas hutan mangrove di Pulau Sibu berdasarkan indeks ekologi (nilai kerapatan, frekuensi jenis, tutupan dan nilai penting) cukup baik, sedangkan keanekaragaman spesies masngrove termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Kata kunci : Ekologi, Mangrove, Pulau Sibu, spot check , transect quadrant

Potential geothermal water is located on the coast of West Halmahera Regency. The geothermal potential is utilized by the community as a medium of traditional medicine and local tourism. Utilization of hot water sources as a fish processing media has not been done. The purpose of this study was to determine fish processing using a modified oven in geothermal water flow. The research material is anchovy (Stolephorus indicus) measuring 10 cm. Fish drying equipment is made closed (airtight) as a whole. The process of fish maturation is done by laying the fish on the base located in the oven. The results showed that the fish cooked at room temperature 2 hours at room temperature 21 oC with geothermal water flow temperature 49oC-51 oC.