Objective and background: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening emergency and demands emergency care of effective outcome with minimal or no side effects. The Hypouricemic agents, including Rasburicase, Allopurinol and Febuxostate used for the management of TLS. This study was designed to evaluate the Role of Hypouricemic agents by analyzing TLS development rate, control of uric acid, and Creatinine levels. Methods: An extensive electronic data search was conducted by using all leading scientific databases. Twenty-six studies were selected to conduct this study, as per the inclusion criteria. Results: The Odd ratio of TLS development rate was 4.06, 1.24, and 1.49 by Rusbricase, Allopurinol & Febuxostate administration respectively. 95% confidence interval was reported by selected studies against TLS development rate, Uric acid, and Creatinine levels by administrating Rusbricase, Allopurinol & Febuxostate. Conclusion: All Hypouricemic agents, including Rasburicase, Allopurinol and Febuxostate, are effective to manage Tumor lysis Syndrome. However, a suitable and most effective intervention dose needs to identify with better efficacy and minimal side effects both in Adults and Children.
Background Patient safety culture, an important aspect in the field of patient safety, plays an important role in the promotion of healthcare quality. Improved patient safety culture decreases patient readmission rates, lengths of hospital stay, and patient safety issues. Patient safety culture includes a set of dimensions. This review focuses on the differing perceptions of these dimensions among healthcare providers in hospitals. Aims This study aimed to identify studies examining healthcare providers’ perceptions of patient safety culture in hospitals and to summarize the data from these studies. Method Electronic database searching was based on the research question. Two electronic databases were used: CINHAL and Scopus. The search was limited to the period 2005–2012, and studies examining healthcare providers’ perceptions of patient safety culture were identified. Key terms were used to search the articles that were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles examining healthcare providers’ perceptions of patient safety culture in hospitals without comparison between nurses and other healthcare professionals were selected. Results Eight articles were reviewed. Several questionnaires were used to assess healthcare providers’ perceptions of patient safety culture in these articles. Our review indicated differences in healthcare providers’ perceptions. In two articles, participants reported a high positive response to teamwork. In addition, participants in the other two articles reported a high positive response to job satisfaction. Conclusion The results of the current review reveal healthcare providers’ perceptions of patient safety culture. The results highlight that careful recognition and committed work on various scales/dimensions of patient safety culture can improve healthcare quality and consequently decrease patient safety issues associated with nursing care. Our findings also encourage hospital management and decision-makers to focus on and establish improvements in areas that will positively affect the quality of healthcare.
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (MWS), characterized by tearing and blood from mouth and stool, is a complication of gastro esophageal tract. The prevalence varies and there are a number of risk factors associated with MWS development. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence and various risk factors associated with Mallory-Weiss syndrome development. We systematically searched literature using specified keywords, reviewed it, and selected articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualitative data was presented in tables and the quantitative data was used to draw forest plots. Percentage was used to determine overall effect size for prevalence and OR and 95% CIs was used to determine overall effect size of risk factors. Our analysis of 21 studies showed that the overall effect size for prevalence was 15.46% with 95% CI of 13.63-17.29. The pooled effect size for hiatus hernia as risk factor was found to be OR 1.96 with 95% CI of 1.96 (1.73-2.22). The pooled effect size for alcohol as risk factor OR 0.81 with 95% CI of 1.96 (0.63-1.05). Finally, we found the pooled effect size for hiccups as risk factor OR 1.04 with 95% CI of 1.96 (0.78-1.39). Mallory-Weiss syndrome is not widely prevalent in various populations. There are a number of risk factors for MWS and hiatus hernia is most significant. Alcohol consumption is not strong predictor and hiccups are an emerging risk factor. There is a need for new studies with large number of subjects and controlled conditions.
Background: Radiation dermatitis (RD) is a widespread complication of radiation therapy; however, there is still no agreement on the best treatment. The goal of this review is to go over how corticosteroids work throughout the treatment of radiation dermatitis. Methodology: A comprehensive evaluation of randomized controlled trials, retrospective and prospective studies involving topical corticosteroid (TC) for the treatment of radiation dermatitis. A thorough search was carried out in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane library, Clinical trials.gov, and Google scholar. The original search took place in August and was updated on September 2021. There were no restrictions on terminology or dates. Two reviewers independently examined each of the listed papers. A search of the relevant studies of all of the mentioned publications yielded additional papers. Results: We identified 19 studies on the role of corticosteroids for the prevention of radiation therapy. All the papers were published between 2001 and 2021. The total sample size of the included studies was 1974 with a mean sample size of 103.89. Among the included studies, four studies (21.05 %) represented head and neck cancer, 14 studies (73.68 %) were regarding breast cancer and 1 (5.26 %) hospital-based cross-sectional study represented multiple malignancies such as head and neck, breast and cervix carcinoma, respectively. Among all the participants, 1696 (85.91 %) were females while 278 (14.08 %) were males. Conclusion: Prophylactic treatment with TC was found to minimize the rate of RD and wet desquamation. Participants who used topical steroids reported improved symptoms and a higher quality of life, whereas the use of topical steroids during radiation had few side effects. ARD can be prevented using topical corticosteroids, based on these findings. As a result, further research must be done on the most effective TC to utilize during radiation.
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