The importance of STEM subjects for the purposes of scientific and technological development has gained global momentum. Yet, there are various obstacles to applying a STEM education in the context of preparing students for a scientifically and technologically advanced society. There has been little research on how engineering can be incorporated into the elementary school curriculum. This study, thus, provides a systematic review of the learning techniques and structured framework that are used to support learning in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). It also aids in identifying students’ shifts in interest toward STEM subjects, as well as their desire to pursue future STEM-based careers. This study makes use of a systematic literature review of high-impact journals with a Q1 or Q2 ranking. It was also found that there are hurdles in regard to the teaching approach that is used for STEM subjects. This suggests that there are numerous opportunities that can be exploited by educators in their hunt for a better STEM teaching approach. Finally, researchers must create features that enable students to gain fundamental competencies within the STEM disciplines. Future applications must include the experimental support for the purposes of inquiry-based learning activities.
<p>This study aims to identify effective internationally emerging implementation models in teacher professional development. Several trends in teacher Professional Development are influencing the nature and quality of teacher professional development. The meta-analysis method was used in this study by identifying, collecting, and analysis potential studies to reach the findings. The results show that professional development has the potential to transform the education scene when supported by all industry players. Policy plays a vital role in the success of programs like PD programs. Policies surrounding the government of this model should be carefully structured to guide the PD programs appropriately as well as formulators should be industry players who understand the drivers that affect the education sector and in particular the educators. Good policy choices will mean that the PD stands a chance to be effective. The PD program should be provided with all the necessary resources for it to be effective and to enable smooth running. Educators should be facilitated with the necessary materials they require for the program. Lack of resources means that the PD program will not achieve its intended goals. Resources might be learning resources for the educator, allowances among many others. Extensive collaborations should be done by the sectors that could play a strong role in affecting the education, stakeholders, investors and other parties related in order to reach an agreement on the best model of PD. Additionally, there is a need to determine how best to run the PD programs to be beneficial to the education system.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0781/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Background: Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is linked to serious adverse health effects that are cumulative in nature and affect children more than adults. UV radiation has also been reported to have serious complications for the eye, particularly in areas with a high UV radiation index. Increasing public awareness about the harmful effects of UV radiation on the eye and promoting awareness about protection against UV radiation may prevent eye disease related to UV radiation damage and help in the improvement of public health in general. This study aims to assess public awareness and knowledge of UV radiation and practices toward UV protection in Jordan, which is a country recognized as having a relatively high UV index throughout the year. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire using Google Forms® to assess people's awareness, knowledge, practices toward eye protection from UV radiation, and the reasons for not wearing UV-protective eyeglasses in Jordan. Sociodemographic information of participants including age, gender, education level, and employment status was also acquired. People’s knowledge on UV protection and harmfulness was measured via rewarding their correctly answered knowledge questions with one mark and zero for incorrectly answered questions based on key answers defined from the literature. Results: A total of 1331 participants (77% females and 23% males) with an average age of 26(±10) years completed the online questionnaire. Participants showed generally high levels of knowledge and awareness about UV radiation and its harmful effects. Nevertheless, participants showed a low level of knowledge about the link between UV radiation and some of the ocular diseases in the questionnaire. Practices toward UV radiation protection where inadequate, with 59% of the respondents reporting that they do not use any protective eyewear from natural UV radiation. The main reported reason for not wearing UV-protective sunglasses was uncertainty in the efficiency of UV protection in sunglasses, as reported by 47% of the participants who do not wear UV-protective sunglasses. Conclusions: The awareness of UV radiation and its harmful effects is high in the studied population. Participant knowledge is also relatively high in relation to nature of solar UV radiation, other synthetic sources of UV radiation, and the most dangerous UV exposure time. However, low participant knowledge was measured on the association between UV radiation with ocular disease and the role of UV-protective eyeglasses. Participant practice toward UV radiation protection was found to be insufficient. Thus, it is important to further increase the knowledge of damaging effects of solar and synthetic UV radiation and emphasize the benefits of eye protection from UV radiation. Eye care practitioners should target youth by different strategies including health campaigns, media, and clinics.
The structural alterations that may arise in boiled and nonboiled bones are often overlooked despite their critical importance in the development of defleshing techniques across various scientific disciplines. To elucidate the microstructural characteristics of bones following the removal of soft tissue through conventional methods, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies were employed. Our findings indicate that the boiled water method resulted in higher crystallinity, as evidenced by the FTIR data, whereas the XRD data revealed the opposite. This underscores the notion that a direct comparison between these two techniques is unfeasible as they measure distinct crystallinity parameters. In addition, the cold water maceration method caused a significant reduction in collagen crosslinking, as evidenced by the lower index observed.
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