2019 yılının sonlarında Çin'in Wuhan şehrinde görülen ve tüm dünyaya yayılarak küresel bir sorun haline gelen ölümcül ve bulaşıcı özelliğe sahip Covid-19 hastalığının bireyleri, ülkeleri ve dünya ekonomisini olumsuz yönde etkileyeceği tahmin edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Covid-19'un finansal piyasalara etkisini incelemek amacıyla vakaların ülkelerde ilk görülmeye başladığı tarihten 08.04.2020 tarihine kadar toplam vaka sayısı ve toplam ölüm sayısına göre hastalığın en fazla görüldüğü 11 ülke incelenmiştir. Covid-19 toplam vaka sayısı ile 11 ülkenin en önemli endekslerinin kapanış fiyatları arasındaki ilişki belirlemek için Bayer ve Hanck (2012) eşbütünleşme analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma; Çin (Shangai), ABD (DOW 30), İngiltere (FTSE 100), İtalya (FTSE MIB), İspanya (IBEX 35), Almanya (DAX), Fransa (CAC 40), Belçika (BEL 20), Hollanda (AEX), İsviçre (SMI) ve Türkiye (BIST 100) endekslerinden oluşmaktadır. Analiz sonucunda Covid-19 toplam vaka sayısı ile BİST100, FTSE MIB, IBEX35, AEX ve Shangai endeksleri arasında eşbütünleşme olduğu, DAX, CAC 40, BEL 20, SMI, FTSE 100 ve DOW 30 endeksleri arasında ise eşbütünleşme olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
As the negative repercussions of environmental devastation, such as global warming and climate change, become more apparent, environmental consciousness is growing across the world, forcing nations to take steps to mitigate the damage. Thus, the current study assesses the effect of green investments, institutional quality, and political stability on air quality in the G-20 countries for the period 2004-2020. The stationarity of the variables was examined with the Pesaran (2007) CADF, the long-term relationship between the variables by Westerlund ( 2007), the long-run relationship coe cients with the MMQR method proposed by Machado & Silva (2019), and the causality relationship between the variables by Dumitrescu & Hurlin (2012) panel causality. The study ndings revealed that green nance investments, institutional quality and political stability increased the air quality, while total output and energy consumption decreased air quality. The panel causality reveals a unidirectional causality from green nance investments, total output, energy consumption and political stability to air quality, and a bidirectional causality between institutional quality and air quality. According to these ndings, it has been found that in the long term, green nance investments, total output, energy consumption, political stability, and institutional quality affect air quality. Based on these results, policies implications were proposed.
As the negative repercussions of environmental devastation, such as global warming and climate change, become more apparent, environmental consciousness is growing across the world, forcing nations to take steps to mitigate the damage. Thus, the current study assesses the effect of green investments, institutional quality, and political stability on air quality in the G-20 countries for the period 2004–2020. The stationarity of the variables was examined with the Pesaran (2007) CADF, the long-term relationship between the variables by Westerlund (2007), the long-run relationship coefficients with the MMQR method proposed by Machado & Silva (2019), and the causality relationship between the variables by Dumitrescu & Hurlin (2012) panel causality. The study findings revealed that green finance investments, institutional quality and political stability increased the air quality, while total output and energy consumption decreased air quality. The panel causality reveals a unidirectional causality from green finance investments, total output, energy consumption and political stability to air quality, and a bidirectional causality between institutional quality and air quality. According to these findings, it has been found that in the long term, green finance investments, total output, energy consumption, political stability, and institutional quality affect air quality. Based on these results, policies implications were proposed.
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