Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Rising prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the last decades has led research to focus on the diagnosis and identification of factors associated with ASD. This paper sought for possible factors that put children at risk for ASD. In this study, we investigated the association between ASD and child factors in Iraqi people. Aim of the study: To assess the relationship and estimate the effect of child risk factors with the development of autism spectrum disorders among Iraqi children in Salah-addin city. Methods: An observational case-control study involving 180 children (90 autistic children and 90 healthy children), was conducted in salah-addin city through the period (from 15 Nov. 2021 to 20 march 2022), using Arabic language interviewer administered questionnaire through direct interview and the collected data was measured using chi-square and represented by a suitable tables and figures. Results:The study shows that among 90 autistic child 81% (73) children were male in gender and 61% (55) children were diagnosed between (3-6) years of age. The study found that 68.2% (62) children have a positive family history for development of ASD. Conclusions: Most of affected children are male and two third of them diagnosed at ages between (3-6) years. Family history of autism was common among the autistic children.

Background: Ramadan is the holiest month in the Islamic calendar. Fasting in this month is one of the five pillars of Islam. Fasting is obligatory for all adults and healthy Muslims during the day hours for the whole month every year. It is the month during which Muslims refrain from food, and liquids during daylight hours and eat a main meal after sunset. The aim of study is to investigate the effects of fasting on lipid profile, IL-6 and TNF among healthy female medical students in Tikrit University. Subjects and methods: A follow up study was done in college of medicine -Tikrit university during Ramadan fasting month at 1441, (May 2019) on female medical female student of 2 nd year. A total of 20 female students in this study were female aged 19-20 years, none obese, do not have a history of diabetes, do not have hypertension and not an athlete. Female was used as subjects because they can do full time of Ramadan fasting. Female students not complete consecutive 21 days of fasting were excluded from the study. At a day one (beginning of Ramadan) and at day 21 (21th day) of Ramadan fasting, blood sampling were taken to be analyzed of lipid profile, and inflammatory indicators (TNF-α and IL-6). According standard procedures. Results: Regarding body weight, and BMI, in the present study, there is significant reduction in body weight and BMI in day 21 of Ramadan fasting as compare with beginning of fasting. In the present study, there is a significant reduction in the concentrations of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c and VLDL-c at 21th day of Ramadan fasting as compare to the beginning of Ramadan fasting. However, there is significant increase in the concentration of serum HDL-c at 21 day of Ramadan fasting as compare with the beginning of fasting, (p≤ 0.01). In the present study, it were found that there is significant reduction in the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α in female subjects at day 21 of Ramadan fasting as compare with that at the beginning of fasting, (p≤ 0.01). The present study conclude that were significant reduction in the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α in female subjects at day 21 of Ramadan fasting as compare with that at the beginning of fasting, (p≤ 0.01).

Background: Several investigations have confirmed changes in lipid profiles and other markers (interleukin [IL]-6, C-reactive protein [CRP]) in women with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Although, the cause an effect correlations between these lipid profiles and other markers with the PIH are yet unknown. Aim: To study the relationship of serum lipid profile, CRP, and IL-6 with PIH. Method: A cross-sectional study was done on 60 pregnant women with PIH treated in the General Salah Alden Hospital in Tikrit city, Iraq, from January 2021 to April 2021. Another group of 60 pregnant women who were normal, at the same period, were selected as the control group. The average age of the participants was (27.1 ± 5.0) years. All the blood samples taken were examined for lipid profile, CRP, and IL-6. Results: The results statistically showed significant differences in IL-6 level and CRP. Whereas, in the Lipid profile (triglyceride [TG], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high density lipoprotein [HDL]-C, total cholesterol [TC], and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol [VLDL]) were found. Also, it was found that there were significant differences in PIH patients as compared to the control group. Conclusion:The findings revealed that the lipid profile was aberrant, and the amount of IL-6 protein was positively linked with blood pressure.

Background  vitamin D has characteristics features of a hormone, and accordingly vitamin D is a pro-hormone, rather than a true vitamin. Active form of vitamin D is binding to vitamin D receptors (VDR) then started its main action inside the  body.   This study is aimed to compare  concentration of vit. D in a patients with diabetes mellitus, and healthy Iraqi women and its correlation with seasonal variation, and age. Subjects and methods This study was conducted in the first of August 2017 till the first of April 2018, at the outpatient unit in especial private hospital at karbalaa city in the south of Iraq. 163 women have been enrolled in present study. The sample was divided into 3 groups in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Results the distribution of subjects in this study, 163 persons participated as a sample in a present research; 82 subjects are normal healthy women as controls, while 51 women suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus, (T2DM), and 30 pregnant women suffering from gestational DM, (GDM). Stander deviation and mean of  Vit. D levels  in a non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus  and normal healthy women. There is significant reduction in the levels  of vit.D that measured by using  sera of women patients suffering from T2DM, (12.97 ± 8.9) as compared with control subjects, (18.95 ± 7.1). Conclusions  the present study conclude that, the measurement of vit.D are significantly  reduced   when measured  in women patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes sera, as compare to healthy subjects and also reduced in the sera of women patients suffering from GDM,  as compared with control subjects.

Background  vitamin D has characteristics features of a hormone, and accordingly vitamin D is a pro-hormone, rather than a true vitamin. Active form of vitamin D is binding to vitamin D receptors (VDR) then started its main action inside the  body.   This study is aimed to compare  concentration of vit. D in a patients with diabetes mellitus, and healthy Iraqi women and its correlation with seasonal variation, and age. Subjects and methods This study was conducted in the first of August 2017 till the first of April 2018, at the outpatient unit in especial private hospital at karbalaa city in the south of Iraq. 163 women have been enrolled in present study. The sample was divided into 3 groups in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Results the distribution of subjects in this study, 163 persons participated as a sample in a present research; 82 subjects are normal healthy women as controls, while 51 women suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus, (T2DM), and 30 pregnant women suffering from gestational DM, (GDM). Stander deviation and mean of  Vit. D levels  in a non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus  and normal healthy women. There is significant reduction in the levels  of vit.D that measured by using  sera of women patients suffering from T2DM, (12.97 ± 8.9) as compared with control subjects, (18.95 ± 7.1). Conclusions  the present study conclude that, the measurement of vit.D are significantly  reduced   when measured  in women patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes sera, as compare to healthy subjects and also reduced in the sera of women patients suffering from GDM,  as compared with control subjects.   http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.026