No abstract

Background: Ramadan is the holiest month in the Islamic calendar. Fasting in this month is one of the five pillars of Islam. Fasting is obligatory for all adults and healthy Muslims during the day hours for the whole month every year. It is the month during which Muslims refrain from food, and liquids during daylight hours and eat a main meal after sunset. The aim of study is to investigate the effects of fasting on lipid profile, IL-6 and TNF among healthy female medical students in Tikrit University. Subjects and methods: A follow up study was done in college of medicine -Tikrit university during Ramadan fasting month at 1441, (May 2019) on female medical female student of 2 nd year. A total of 20 female students in this study were female aged 19-20 years, none obese, do not have a history of diabetes, do not have hypertension and not an athlete. Female was used as subjects because they can do full time of Ramadan fasting. Female students not complete consecutive 21 days of fasting were excluded from the study. At a day one (beginning of Ramadan) and at day 21 (21th day) of Ramadan fasting, blood sampling were taken to be analyzed of lipid profile, and inflammatory indicators (TNF-α and IL-6). According standard procedures. Results: Regarding body weight, and BMI, in the present study, there is significant reduction in body weight and BMI in day 21 of Ramadan fasting as compare with beginning of fasting. In the present study, there is a significant reduction in the concentrations of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c and VLDL-c at 21th day of Ramadan fasting as compare to the beginning of Ramadan fasting. However, there is significant increase in the concentration of serum HDL-c at 21 day of Ramadan fasting as compare with the beginning of fasting, (p≤ 0.01). In the present study, it were found that there is significant reduction in the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α in female subjects at day 21 of Ramadan fasting as compare with that at the beginning of fasting, (p≤ 0.01). The present study conclude that were significant reduction in the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α in female subjects at day 21 of Ramadan fasting as compare with that at the beginning of fasting, (p≤ 0.01).

The results of the present study show the biological effects of ethyl elcoholic and aquatic extracts as well as alkaloids compounds  of Atriplex helmius and Capparis spinosa  roots. The results demonstrated the superiority of the cold aqueous extract of C. capparis at the highest concentration of 20 mg / ml, as the killing rate was 81.16% for the second  larval instar of Cx. pipiens after 72 hours of exposure. While, the killing rate caused by the same treatment was 79.52% for the third larval instar. The results also showed the superiority of the alcoholic extract against C.  spinosa , as the killing rate reached 98.55% for the second larval instar after 72 hours of treatment at a concentration of 20 mg/ml. As for A. halmius extract, the same treatment caused the lowest killing rate of 89.27% ​​ for the third instar of Cx. pipiens. The study also showed significant effects of the raw alkaline compounds’ extracts of A. halimus  roots on the killing of non-adult instars of Cx. pipiens L. The highest rate of mortality observed was 88.54% at the highest concentration of 20 mg /ml at the second instar. Also, significant effects of raw alkaline compounds’ extracts of C. spinosa roots were observed. The highest mortality was 69.21% at the highest concentration of 20 mg/ml for the third larval instar,

Background: Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the five fundamental pillars of Islamic practices, mandatory for all healthy adult Muslims. In Ramadan, Muslim adults fastfrom sunrise to sunset and are required to refrain from oral intake of food, water, beverages, smoking and sexual intercourse. This type of fasting is defined as periodic food and water deprivation during day light hours with free access during the night for the duration of one month.The aim of the study is to The effect of Ramadan on body weight, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile of normal healthy none obese male medical college students in Tikrit city. Subjects and methods: A prospective study was carried out on thirty normal healthy male students aging between 20 to 22 years, in college of medicine-Tikrit university were participate in the present study. The volunteers were allowed to consume whatever they wanted & decrease fat intake in diet.The study was conducted in the month of Ramadan from beginning of May to 5 th of June /2019. Average duration of the fast was about 13.5 hours & maximum temperature ranged from 25 to 35 C.Body weight was measured to the nearest 100gm. Fasting blood sugar and lipid profile were measured at beginning and the end of Ramadan and one hour before break fasting (one hour before sunset). Results: There were slight decrease in body weight and body mass index (BMI) at the end of Ramadan fasting as compare with beginning of Ramadan fasting. Also, in regard to blood parameters, there is no significant difference regarding blood glucose from at end of Ramadan as compare with the beginning of fasting. Also, there were significant reduction in serum TG, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL at the end of Ramadan fasting as compare with beginning of Ramadan fasting. However, There was significant elevation in serm HDL at the end of Ramadan fasting as compare with beginning of Ramadan fasting.