No abstract

A study survey was carried out  in Al-Najaf slaughterhouse to show the prevalence of  hydatid  cysts among the slaughtered animals during the period  from 1/1/2011 to 30/12/2011, the slaughtered animals were local breeds ,both sexs ( male & femal) , different ages and from different region in Al-Najaf governorate. To detect the lesions of hydatid  cysts we followed gross examination by naked eye and palpation with hands . The study sample include(47849 sheep, 30684  goats,18911 cattle ,).The  morbidity of  hydatidosis was 0.71 % (696 animal from 97444) among the whole slaughtered animals ,with a value of 1.07 % in cattle , 0.53 % in sheep  , 0.77 % in goat . the highest infection rate in cattle, and  goat was in spring (2.05 % ,1.24%) respectively . while in sheep was in summer (0.62%).  The study also show that highest infection rate of cattle, sheep and goat with  hydatidosis was in May (3.41 %, 1.32%, 1.86%) respectively . The  morbidity of  liver cyst was 8.331%  ,as the follow  (8.35% in cattle, 8.32% in sheep and 8.31%  in  goats) , while the lung cyst was 7.831% as the follow (7.658 % in cattle,7.528 % in sheep and 8.307 %  in  goats).

| This study was carried out at Al-Hyadia arid area/Al-Najaf on 82 she camels. Based on bacterial isolation, the subclinical mastitis was detected in 24 out of 82 she camels at percentage rate of 19.68%. The highest percentage of isolates was17.68 and 12.92 for Coagulase -ve Staphylococci followed by Streptococcus spp., respectively. The percentages rate of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Micrococcus spp were 10.2%, 8.16% and 4.08%, respectively. Based on bacterial isolation as confirmed diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, the milk samples with Coagulase -ve Staphylococci, E. coli and Staphylococcusaureus revealed score 3 to California mastitis test (CMT) reaction with pH ranged 7.5-6.73 and electric conductivity 8.1-7.9 ms/cm, while in Streptococcus spp. and Micrococcus revealed score 2 to CMT reaction with pH ranged 6.89-6.44 and electric conductivity 7.81-7.68 ms/cm. In conclusion, the results of the present study approved investigation of subclinical mastitis in she camel and its causative agents. Moreover, CMTcan be approved as fast and effective, but less sensitive in diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.

This study was designed to detect equine piroplasmosis using the molecular technique in Al-Najaf province during the season that showed an increment in tick activities. Blood samples were collected from 110 horses with more than two signs of piroplasmosis. After DNA extraction, the product was examined by a polymerase chain reaction to amplify 18SrRNA. The results showed that the overall percentage of equine theileriosis was 38.18%. According to gender, the percentage of infection was 43.48% and 29.27% in females and males, respectively. Significant variations appeared between infected horses according to age, and the percentage of infection was 50% and 35.22% in less than 2 years and more than 2 years age, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of infection was 62.5% and 19.35% in animals with and without acariasis, respectively. Significant variations were also seen in equine theileriosis according to geographical areas, and the higher percentage was reported in Hera district (60.87%), while the lowest percentage was in the center of Al-Najaf (21.43%). This difference may be due to different distribution of vector of disease (tick), which may be the availability of the suitable weather that helped in the multiplication of the intermediate vectors. In conclusion, this study proved the variations in the occurrences of equine piroplasmosis according to gender, age, and geographical areas.

This study was designed to evaluate the trace elements in the blood of sheep suffering from clinical signs of mineral deficiency . Thousand  (1000) ewe were examined clinically and 32 were suffering from sever mineral deficiency, while 10 animals clinically healthy selected as control group . Blood samples were taken,  32 samples from the infected group and other 10 samples from the control group . Blood samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed  high deficiency in trace elements as well as presence of significant differences between the affected and the control groups at p<0.05 .The values of Cu, Fe, Co, Zn and Pb in serum of control group  were 0.859  ± 0.091 ppm , 2.038 ±0.016 ppm , 0.519 ± 0.076 ppm , 1.028 ± 0.015 ppm , 0.003 ± 0.0005 ppm respectively and in affected group Cu,Fe,Co,Zn And Pb were 0.209 ± 0.006 ppm, 0.294 ± 0.025 ppm, 0.012 ± 0.001 ppm , 0.190 ± 0.007 ppm, 0.053 ± 0.006 ppm respectively. There was no significant variation in toxic metal Pb between affected and control group.at (p<0.05).

This project attends to exam  the prevalence of piroplasmosis in sheep and camels in Al-Najaf desert of Iraq during period of May 2015 to April 2016. The samples were randomly collected from different regions in Al-Najaf province and represent 230 sheep (127 female, 103 male ) and 140 camels ( 90 shecamels and 50 male) . Blood smears were subjected to Geimsa stained and microscopic  examination. It was observed that prevalence of babesiosis and theileriosis in sheep were 26.9% and 12.17% respectively ,while in camels the prevalence was25% for babesiosis and 10.7% for theileriosis . The highest incidence for babesiosis was recorded in camels at age more than 4 years , while the lowest percentage was recorded in ages between6-12 month in both species. The highest ratio for theileriosis was observed in camels at ages 1-4 years.The maximal occurrence of babesiosis and theileriosis were noticed in summer season  (33.5%) and (15%) respectively in both species , while in winter season were (17.6%)and ((7.6%)respectively .The highest percentage of babesiosis was found in females of sheep and camels (41.7%and 30%respectively) than male (18.4%and 16%respectively).