Background and objective: Nursing shortage and inadequate hospital nursing jeopardized quality of care and patient safety. This study aims to predict the impact of patient to nurse ratio on quality of care and patient safety in medical and surgical wards in Malaysian private hospitals.
Methods:Cross-sectional data collected by questionnaire from 652 nurses working in the medical and surgical wards in 12 private hospitals participated in the study. Stratified simple random sampling performed to invite small size (less than 100 beds), medium size (100-199 beds) and large size (over than 200) hospitals' nurse to participate in the study, which allow also nurses from all shift to participate in the study from the participated hospitals.Results: Nurses with higher ratio of patients have greater negative association on quality of care and patient safety. However, this negative association significantly associated with patient safety, whereas insignificantly associated with quality of care.
Conclusions:Staffing level inconsistently associated with quality of care and patient safety, so there is at least one intervening process factor mitigate the negative impact of nursing shortage on quality of care in Malaysian hospitals. However, nurses delivering care for 11-15 patients and nurses delivering care for more than 15 patients had significant negative impact on both quality of care and patient safety at a p<0.05 significance level compared with those caring for less than 5 patients.
The purpose of this article is to propose a framework on the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership practice when Islamic Work Ethic is practiced in Malaysian public universities. Initially, the main challenges in public universities in Malaysia are providing a market driven academic programs and at the same time able to respond to the fast changing needs of economic sectors. Apparently, the recent challenges require the staff of the said universities to equip themselves with leadership quality in order to fulfill the organizational vision. Many previous studies have shown several factors (such as emotional intelligence) had influenced effective leadership. Besides effectiveness, another significant issue in leadership research is ethical behaviors of leaders. The respondents will consist of middle administrators in Malaysian public universities. Most of the past results had suggested that there were significant relationships between these variables. The findings are expected to have some contributions both to the practical and theoretical aspects and enable public universities to improve their leadership development programs.Index Terms-Emotional intelligence, Islamic work ethic, leadership practice, middle administrator.
This paper attempts to examine the relationship between the Government business support services, personality factors and entrepreneurship empowerment among undergraduate students in Malaysian public universities. Out of 400 questionnaires distributed, a total of 241 undergraduate students participated in the study and Pearson correlation analysis technique was employed to analyze the data. The results indicated Government business support services and personality factors have a moderate significant relationship with entrepreneurship empowerment. The findings supported the arguments raised that both variables have an impact on the undergraduate students' entrepreneurship empowerment program. Finally, some research implications and future research suggestion were also discussed in this paper.
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