The study attempts to assess the difference in the effect of social media content of tour companies of Lahore on promoting tourism. The study used a comparative research design in order to compare the effects of social media content, in particular Facebook. A detailed literature review was presented, and data was collected from the tourists who have used the Facebook pages of selected tour companies and used their services through a well-developed questionnaire, using purposive sampling, followed by convenience sampling. To conduct the study, a sample size of 320 respondents was chosen to get accurate findings. The findings of the study revealed that all four tour companies of Lahore equally promoted tourism through their Facebook pages. The Facebook pages are a reliable source of information that are trending and being used extensively by people. This showed that using such pages are ultimately contributing to the success and promotion of tourism in Pakistan.

Present study comprised of Ante Meridiem (AM) vs Post Meridiem (PM) intermedia agenda-setting between newspapers’ websites and twitter. Data regarding Turkish President’s visit to Pakistan has been collected from website of “The Nation” and “Twitter”. Study found significant synchronous correlation (X2Y2) between Twitter and The Nation during Post Meridian (PM) (r1= +0.472, r2= +0.841 and r3= +0.752). Reduced posting on Twitter and newspaper’ websites has been observed during AM time period. Finding depicts gradual content build-up (simultaneous basis) on Twitter and news websites during the PM time period. Finding indicates increasing integration between social media and news-websites due to synchronization. Vast majority of Twitter posts are based on clippings of newspapers stories or footages from news channels. In Pakistan tweets of politician, military representatives, and media persons are flashed as breaking news and the same is given coverage prominently on news-websites. The study has also observed consistent use of social media cells by political parties for pushing agendas on social media to get attention on other media outlets. Circular model for network journalism and simultaneous agenda setting has been proposed. Model elaborates how contents move in a circular way in network journalism environment.

The current research was conducted to study Political Campaigns on social media (Facebook) and the spiral of silence effect on youth. The objectives of the study were to explore how youth use Facebook to determine the climate of opinions related to politics; to examine the implementation of the spiral of silence theory on the issue of politicians’ accountability process in the current regime in Pakistan. The purposive sampling technique was use for the collection of samples from the University of Sargodha and comprised of (N= 300) youth participants,including (n=150) males and (n=150) females. A questionnaire was Well-designed for assessing opinion climate and inclination to share their views on controversial political issues. Results of the current study revealed that individuals are more likely to speak out on controversial topics through Facebook than other communication channel. Findings indicate that social media plays an important role in setting up the direction of the public opinion climate beside the group of close friends, which also important role in the assessment of opinion climate on controversial political issues,including politicians’ accountability process. In Pakistan, political polarization is on the rise. It this context spiral of silence for deviant opinion is evident from the findings.

The current research is aimed at exploring the "Development of SNS as a New Platform of InteractionAmong Teenagers and its Consequences on Family Bonding." Data was collected from the teenage students ofcolleges and Schools. The present research is a survey-based study using Media Dependency and Uses andGratification as its theoretical foundation keeping in view the major concepts. A sample of 400 respondents isselected using the purposive sampling technique. The main social interaction patterns are Audio Chat, Gif,Messages, and Video Chat. The analysis of findings reveals that WhatsApp more affects teenagers' socialinteraction patterns (68 percent). It is observed from the findings that Facebook more frequently affects teenagers'bonding with Friends (61 percent). A correlation test is applied in this study. The study's findings supported a positiverelationship between the frequency of use of social media and the effects on social interaction patterns ofteenagers in terms of communication, interaction, gathering and socialization. Social media has significantlyaffected youngsters in building bonding's with friends as more sharing of feelings takes place with friends overdistance instead of families.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Heat transfer is a common phenomenon in engineering applications, and selecting an appropriate material is vital. When the heat is exchanged between two mediums, the wall or material in-between them is exposed to extreme temperatures (high and low), commonly known as a cooling or heating plate. This article proposes a finite difference formulation to determine the temperature distribution of a plate for a 2D steady-state heat conduction equation. This formulation is then applied to a specific plate shape with particular boundary conditions. A MATLAB code is proposed to formulate the heat conduction equation using a finite difference approach. The proposed methodology can be used to determine the temperature distribution of a plate along with boundary conditions defined by the user, including plate size, size of the resolution in both axes (horizontal and vertical), heat flux, and thermal conductivity. Finally, the results of the proposed methodology are verified by modeling. The novel method allows a plate's optimal size, geometry, and appropriate material to be selected based on thermodynamic effects.</div></div>

Celebrity endorsement is considered one of the popular tools of marketing which is used by many brands. The purpose is to involve any famous celebrity in order to promote that specific brand. Present study is designed to explore influence of celebrity endorsed advertisements on brand choice and perception of female students. Using survey research design, data from 300 female respondents is collected through a well-designed questionnaire.  Theoretically, present study is based on elaboration likelihood model. In order to draw inferences from collected data, statistical tests such as chi square and correlation are used. Overall analysis describes that advertising has significant impact on brand choice of female students. Results also indicate that female students give more attention to advertisement of cosmetics and dresses as compared to gadgets. Accordingly, comparative analysis of the selected mediums for advertising showed that overall female students more prefer social media as compared to TV and print media for acquiring information about products and brands. Findings also suggest that celebrity is one of the key factors in advertising to influence females brand choices. It is evident from the findings that females are increasingly becoming brand conscious due to the role of celebrities which is part of celebrity endorsement. Brands advertisements containing celebrities have more successful impact as compared to brand ads without celebrities.

The study attempts to explain the role of social networking sites in bringing social change through youth. The study used cause and effect research design in order to determine how social networking sites are affecting the trend of social protests. Data was collected from different professions, occupations and educational institutions of Punjab, Pakistan, through a well-developed questionnaire. To conduct the study, a sample size of 300 respondents was chosen to get accurate findings. Convenience sampling was used where the respondents were selected according to their availability and ease from a sample size of 300 respondents was selected. The findings of the study revealed that social networking sites are playing a significant role in bringing social change in a society, especially through youth, ranging from 21 to 25 years of age. Males are showing greater support to these protests. Moreover, governments do not get much involved in issues through social media; rather they try to use traditional means of involvement. It was also concluded that people who believe that protesting through social media is non-violent, show greater support in favor of it.

Purpose: Present study analyses social media users’ perceptions about presence of cyber bullying in political contents on Facebook and Twitter. In the presence of social media cells of political parties, this study designed to analyze impact of cyber bullying on political behavior of users. Design/Methodology/Approach: Present study utilized survey research techniques and data from 300 male and female social media users was collected through a well-designed questionnaire. Findings: Major findings indicate consistent use of social media by youngster and users believe that there is rise in political contents on social media. Social media bullying is creating a political divide among supporters of different political parties. Bullying contents creating hatred, enmity, hostility, aggression and anger against supporters of other parties. Users are the view that offensive language, photo shopped images, impersonation, spoofing, misleading facts are faced by users in political contents. Results also reveal that male users face more offensive language as compared to female users of social media due to wider friendship circle. Implications/Originality/Value: It is evident from the finding that bullying, trolling and memes has emerged as new way of political agenda setting and major area to reinforce voters about certain political ideology in the context of Pakistan’s political atmosphere.