Present study comprised of Ante Meridiem (AM) vs Post Meridiem (PM) intermedia agenda-setting between newspapers’ websites and twitter. Data regarding Turkish President’s visit to Pakistan has been collected from website of “The Nation” and “Twitter”. Study found significant synchronous correlation (X2Y2) between Twitter and The Nation during Post Meridian (PM) (r1= +0.472, r2= +0.841 and r3= +0.752). Reduced posting on Twitter and newspaper’ websites has been observed during AM time period. Finding depicts gradual content build-up (simultaneous basis) on Twitter and news websites during the PM time period. Finding indicates increasing integration between social media and news-websites due to synchronization. Vast majority of Twitter posts are based on clippings of newspapers stories or footages from news channels. In Pakistan tweets of politician, military representatives, and media persons are flashed as breaking news and the same is given coverage prominently on news-websites. The study has also observed consistent use of social media cells by political parties for pushing agendas on social media to get attention on other media outlets. Circular model for network journalism and simultaneous agenda setting has been proposed. Model elaborates how contents move in a circular way in network journalism environment.
Background: Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is a very common condition which leads to nasal obstruction, headache, sinusitis, epistaxis and obstructive sleep apnea. Septoplasty is most frequent procedures carried out for DNS correction. Objective: To compare the surgical outcome of corrected deviated nasal septum with endoscopic septoplasty and conventional septoplasty. Method: It was a comparative study in which 60 patients with deviated nasal septum were randomly selected from ENT Department of Lahore General Hospital Lahore. Patients were divided into 2 groups like group A having 30 patients and group B another 30 patients. Group A patients underwent endoscopic septoplasty and Group B patients experienced conventional septoplasty. Results: Among 30 patients who underwent endoscopic septoplasty, 70.0% were males and 60.0% were upto 30 years old while among 30 patients who underwent conventional septoplasty, 76.7% were males and 56.7% were upto 30 years old. Among patients treated with endoscopic septoplasty, 10.0% had nasal blockage, 6.7% postnasal drip, 16.7% headache and 16.7% patients had septal deviation after surgery. Likewise among patients treated with conventional septoplasty, 13.3% had nasal blockage, 10.0% postnasal drip, 26.7% headache and 23.3% patients had septal deviation after surgery. Conclusion: Study concluded that endoscopic septoplasty is superior to conventional septoplasty and patients treated with endoscopic septoplasty had better outcome regarding nasal blockage, postnasal drip, headache and septal deviation.
This study examines the impact of political branding and packaging through the use of mass media as a means of disseminating political information to the general public. Packaging politics and political branding can be important sources of influence on the political perception of public. For this purpose, literature related to branding and packaging techniques being used in political communication, and cultivation analysis has been reviewed. The findings of this study enable research to raise awareness by identifying various techniques of packaging and branding used in political communication by the political parties which ultimately have noticeable impact on political perception and the voting behavior. This study includes the quantitative approach of data collection employing non-probability sampling technique. The sample size of this study is 600 respondents, divided into 67% to 33% male and female respectively. This study has revealed that majority of the respondents are heavy media user in regard of politics and projection of political leaders to the highest pedestals by using branding and packaging techniques has subjugated the importance of manifestos of political parties. This study has also resulted in the findings that the voting behavior of the respondents is greatly influenced by the media presentation of political leaders and political parties. The study's cultivation analysis indicates the impact on media consumers from light to heavy viewers. The findings revealed that heavy viewers are more influenced by media content than light viewers.
Background: The misuse of antibiotics in low-and middle-income countries is getting escalated leading to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, behavior, and practice of antimicrobial misuse among the Pakistani population for the implementation of an effective stewardship plan that ensures the rational use of medicines. Methods: It was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted among 1011 participants in Pakistan from March 2022 to August 2022. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS v21. The original Bloom's cut-off point was utilized to categorize the participants' overall knowledge, behavior, and practice. The χ 2 test was used to test for group differences. For multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was calculated at 95% CI. Results: The majority of the respondents were female 69.3%, in a state of good health 81.5%, and non-health care professionals 64.0%. More than half of the participants (55.3%) demonstrated true knowledge, whereas more than four-fifths (88.6%) and almost half (47.9%) of the participants showed moderate to good behavior and practice about the rational use of antimicrobials. The employed participants (AOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.51-2.98), health professionals (AOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.25-2.17), urban residents (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.12-2.38) and participants without comorbidities (AOR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.32-2.70) had significant association with good/true knowledge. Lower education (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.06-2.70), rural residence (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.42-3.01), and lower monthly income <50 PKR (AOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.28-2.17) were significant factors affecting practice about rational use of antimicrobials. However, none of the factors had significant association with behavior of the participants. Conclusion: Implementation of an effective management plan for rational use of medicines is suggested to halt antibiotic misuse which harms public health. Adequate training programs for health care professionals and educational interventions for the general public are required. Strict enforcement of rules and regulations, Drug Sale Rules 2007, and implementation of Pakistan's National Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance are essential.
Background: Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is extremely vascular, locally invasive and aggressive tumor. Among all neck and head tumors, NA prevalence is 0.05 percent to 0.5 percent but its most frequent tumor of the nasopharynx and virtually affects the male adolescents only. Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma shows a strong propensity to bleed in the surgical procedure. Currently, preoperative embolization is frequently utilized to reduce such intraoperative blood loss. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the role of preoperative embolization in surgery for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma among patients. Method: It was cross-sectional descriptive study in which 60 patients with nasopharyngeal angiofibroma admitted in ENT Department of Lahore General Hospital Lahore were included. Data was collected through proforma which was entered into computer software SPSS version 22.0. Results: Among 60 patients, 63.3% were 12-14 years old. All (100.0%) patients had nasal bleeding and nasal obstruction, 10.0% had proptosis and 18.3% patients had broadening of nose. Among patients, 65.0% had 100-200 ml peroperative bleeding and 76.7% had 4-5 days hospital stay. Conclusion: Study concluded that preoperative embolization reduces the peroperative bleeding and hospital stay among patients.
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