Poultry husbandry is important for the economic health of Pakistan, but the Pakistani poultry industry is negatively impacted by infections from Escherichia coli. We performed Illumina whole genome sequencing on 92 E. coli isolates obtained from the livers of deceased chickens originating in five Pakistani geographical regions. Our analysis indicates that the isolates are predominantly from the B1 and A clade and harbor a diverse number of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, with no linkage between phylogeny and antibiotic resistance gene presence but some association between phylogeny and virulence gene and SNP presence for the B1 and E phylogroups. The colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and the quinolone resistance gene qnrS1 were both found in 13/92 isolates. Alarmingly, 82/92 of the E. coli strains characterized in this study are multidrug resistant with 100% (92/92) resistance to lincomycin, 81.5% (75/92) to streptomycin, 79.3% (73/92) to ampicillin and 66.3% (61/92) to ciprofloxacin. These results provide a high-resolution analysis of poultry-associated E. coli isolates in an area with a high endemic burden of antibiotic resistance. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in poultry associated E. coli isolates is an important pillar of the One Health concept to integrate analysis of potential pathogens in human, animal, and environmental niches.
The present investigation envisaged to assess genetic variability in immunocompetence and performance traits in three pure strains of Rhode Island Red (RIR) chicken, viz. RIR S , RIR C & RIR W , and its two crosses, viz. CARI-Sonali and CARI-Debendra. A total of 3232, 1263, 346, 1278 and 1258 eggs of RIR S , RIR C , RIR W , CARI-Sonali and CARI-Debendra, were set in three hatches for performance evaluation. Single hatched out 74, 74, 72, 82 and 81 chicks of corresponding genotypes were investigated for immunocompetence status assessed through haemagglutination (HA) test, Lysoplate Assay and Single Radial Immunodiffusion assay. The data on various immunocompetence and performance traits was recorded and analyzed by least squares analysis of variance. The investigation summarized that pure strains demonstrated better immunocompetence than crosses. RIR W demonstrated highest percent fertility followed by RIR C , RIR S , CARI-Sonali and CARI-Debendra. Highest percent hatchability on total egg set basis was observed in RIR C , whereas CARI-Debendra demonstrated highest percent hatchability on fertile egg set basis. CARI-Debendra demonstrated higher body weights than CARI-Sonali followed by RIR S , RIR W and RIR C strains. CARI-Sonali pullets demonstrated (p<0.05) least AFE than RIR S preceded by RIR W , CARI-Debendra and RIR C . Pullets of crosses had (p<0.05) higher EW28 and EW40 than pure strains. CARI-Sonali pullets had (p<0.05) higher EP40 than RIR S >RIR W =CARI-Debendra>RIR C . There had been significant genotype×sex interaction effect on body weights at 2 nd , 8 th week and onwards. At 2 nd week of age, CARI-Debendra-female showed highest body weight but subsequently CARI-Debendra-males were the heaviest. Effects of hatch, sex and chick weightregression on growth traits as well as of hatch and housing weight-regression on layer production traits were significant. Crosses demonstrated least percent mortality than pure strains during brooding but reverse in laying stage.
This investigation aimed to evaluate genetics of body conformation and feed efficiency characteristics in a selected line of Rhode Island Red chicken taking 100 numbers of single hatched out pedigreed chicks at Central Avian Research Institute (India). Data was analyzed by least squares analysis of variance. Least squares means of body weight, shank length, keel length, breast angle, body Weight Gain (WG), Feed Consumption (FC) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were estimated at various weeks of age. Sires of the chicks significantly (p<0.05) influenced the estimates of all the traits throughout the ages with a few exceptions. Chicks' sex also affected (p<0.05) the estimates of all the traits excepting 4th week body conformation traits, FC at 6th week onwards and 6th week FCR only. Male birds demonstrated better estimates than females throughout the ages. The FC and 16th week FCR also varied (p<0.05) among different feeding groups. All the traits excluding FC were heritable at variable magnitude. The estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations coefficients were positive in trends with high magnitude among the intra-week body conformation traits and least to high magnitude among various feed efficiency traits. Only WG and FCR were invariably negatively correlated with a range of low to high genetic correlation coefficients. These research-outcomes may serve as base information to the breeders and academicians.
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