This paper examines the effect of corporate governance denoted by board size, duality, agency cost etc. on the performance of selected 24 GCC banks based on the criteria of total assets for the financial year 2012-13. Tobin's Q and Return on Total Assets (ROTA) are adopted as a measurement of accounting and financial performance respectively.The results indicate that smaller boards are more capable for monitoring the management closely in GCC banking sector. Dual role of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) are likely to improve the GCC bank performance. The presence of block holders in ownership structure of GCC banks tends to have a positive effect on the performance of banking sector. Overall, the study concludes that the corporate governance poses a significant influence on the financial and accounting performance of GCC banking sector.
The predictive validity of standardized eligibility test for college admissions is a matter of debate and controversy. Standardized admission test came into vogue in the later part of the previous century. It gained traction due to various reasons. The main reason for this is the heterogeneity of high school GPA and the inherent drawbacks of teacher made tests. Often teacher-made tests fail to follow the basic rules of test construction, and are hence considered to be of poor quality. Standardized admission tests came to be widely accepted due to its presumed scientific predictive validity. Though number of studies has examined the predictive validity of standardized admission tests with respect to various health courses, there is a gap in literature with respect to business students. This study examined the relationship between the admission grades (high school GPA and GAT) of Saudi college students and their academic achievement. The result of the study points towards a strong relationship between the two variables. .
The purpose of the present study is to test how do the four important psychological antecedents, namely need for achievement (nAch), propensity to risk (PtR), self-confidence (SeC), internal locus of control (IlC) are mediated by the entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) to predict the entrepreneurial intention (EI) in a traditionally oil-based Saudi economy striving for economic diversification. Hypotheses are tested by applying the partial least square (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM) to a sample of 282 undergraduate business students (male and female) collected from a public university of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The results suggest that psychological variables and self-efficacy play a fundamental role in enhancing entrepreneurial intention (EI) of Saudi students. Personality-related variables have direct influence over EI in other context, but in Saudi context, psychological variables are necessary but not sufficient to develop entrepreneurial intention unless combined with self-efficacy. Self-efficacy has a strong mediating effect between psychological variables and entrepreneurial intentions in Saudi context.
The purpose of the present study is twofold, to investigate the entrepreneurial intent of the university students and to chalk out with the factors (educational) to be considered for institutional support by the university under study. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) questionnaire was adopted and administered along with a separate sixteen items sheet containng the items pertaining to the institutional suppot mechanisms. Overall, 370 responses were collected from both male & female students. The Data was analysed by applying correlations, linear and hierarchical regression and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The results of the study reaffirm the theory of planned behaviour in Saudi context with a significant variance of 43.2 percent in explaining students' entrepreneurial intent. However, in the present case it is found that both attitude and perceived behavioral control are the significant predictors of entrepreneurial intent. Moreover, the subjective norm did not significantly predict the entrepreneurial intent. The findings also suggest a four steps generic model of institutional educational support for entrepreneurial nurturement to the local community.
The association between risk and return is a significant concept in finance that has been studied in the past to a large extent. The stock market volatility is closely associated with the risk. The current study examines the intraday volatility pattern of stock market of Saudi Arabia by reviewing the stocks of Tadawul All Share Index (TASI). We obtain return data at 5-minute frequency from the SASEIDX starting on 25 October 2017 and ending on 9 May 2018. We examine the stock market volatility by using different symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models and observe that, the symmetric GARCH models showed a significant positive association between risk and return. Similarly, the asymmetric GARCH models show that the estimates were significant and the leverage estimate was negative and significant, indicating a no-leverage effect in the return series. Moreover, the asymmetric results suggest that negative shocks do not entail to future higher volatility than positive shocks. Therefore, the symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models are comfortable to capture the volatility of Saudi stock market from Intraday data.
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