Neuroinflammatory is a pathological condition in which neuronal cells experience progressive loss of function, one of which is due to estrogen deficiency. Phytoestrogens are compound that has structure and function similar to 17β-estradiol, the most potent natural form of estrogen. Semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) is known to contain phytoestrogens which can replace the function of 17β-estradiol in maintaining organ homeostasis, so that is potential to be developed as an anti-neuroinflammatory drug. This study was aimed to prove the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction of Semanggi leaves on HMC3 microglia cells, by measuring the expression of major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II). Both fractions with a concentration of 62.5; 125; and 250 μg/ml were administered to HMC3 microglia cells which had been induced by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) for 24 hours. Measurement of MHC II expression were using immunocytochemistry (ICC) methods and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) instruments. The results showed that n-hexane fraction could reduce MHC II expression at concentrations of 250 μg/ml with p<0.05, and showed a non-monotonic dose response (NMDR) pattern, while ethyl acetate fraction could reduce MHC II expression at all concentrations with p<0.05. Based on the results of the correlation test, the best anti-neuroinflammatory activity on HMC3 microglia cells is showed by the ethyl acetate fraction of Semanggi leaves.
Background: Estrogen deficiency can trigger several diseases, one of which is neurodegenerative. Neurodegenerative begins with neuroinflammation, which triggers the activation of microglia cells resulting in a pro-inflammatory activity. Potential and relatively safe therapy to use to overcome it is by using phytoestrogen compounds. Marsilea crenata Presl. is a plant that contains phytoestrogens. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the neuroprotective effect of the water fraction of Marsilea crenata Presl. leaves which was shown by inhibition of neuroinflammation and marked by increased levels of MHC II against HMC3 microglia cells. Methods: IFN-γ is induced into HMC3 microglia cells for 24 hours to cause inflammatory conditions. Marsilea crenata Presl. leaves water fraction was given at a dose of 62,5; 125; and 250 µg / ml. Analysis of the neuroprotective effect of HMC3 microglia cells using the ICC method with the aid of the CLSM instrument. Results: The results of this study indicate that the water fraction of Marsilea crenata Presl. leaves can reduce MHC II expression at concentrations of 125 and 250 μg / ml with values of 465,748 and 460,884 AU at p<0,005. Conclusion: This study concludes that the water fraction of Marsilea crenata Presl. has neuroprotective activity shown at doses of 125 and 250 μg/ml which can reduce MHC II expression in HMC3 microglia cells induced by IFN-γ. The ED50 value which has a neuroprotective effect is at a dose of 0,582 μg/ml.
Incision wounds have a fairly high prevalence in Indonesia. Chemical treatment of incision wounds has adverse side effects, therefore alternative treatment with natural ingredients is needed, namely using red fruit oil as the basic ingredient. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) gel emulsion on the healing process of incision wounds in males both macroscopically and microscopically. This is an experimental laboratory study. The study design used was true experimental with a post-test-only control group design approach. The population consisted of 25 male mice which were divided into 5 groups, namely: (1) K- was a control group where the incision wound on the back was given a gel emulsion base; (2) K+ was the control group where the incision wound on the back was given Iodine Povidone ; (3) P1 is the treatment group where the incision wound on the back is given a 5% red fruit oil gel emulsion (F1); (4) P2 is the treatment group where the incision wound on the back is given a red fruit oil gel emulsion 10% (F2); (5) P3 was the treatment group where the incision on the back was given a 15% red fruit oil gel emulsion (F3). The treatment was given for 14 days. The data were then analyzed using the ANOVA test. The result showed that the administration of red fruit oil emulgel had a significant effect on the size of the incision wound on the 7th day (p=0.035) and the 14th day (p=0.005). Giving red fruit oil emulgel also had a significant effect on the thickness of the epithelium (p=0.000) and the number of fibroblasts (p=0.000). It can be concluded that the administration of red fruit oil emulgel affects the healing process of the incision wound both macroscopically and microscopically.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.