Steganography is the art and practice of communication using hidden messages. The least significant bits (LSB) based method is the well-known type of steganography in the spatial domain. Usually, achieving the larger embedding capacity in LSB-based methods requires a large number of LSB bits modification which indirectly reduces the visual quality of stego-image and increases the risk of steganalysis detection attacks. In this study, we propose a novel steganography method with data mapping strategy which can reduce the number of bits modification per pixel. In the proposed method, four secret data bits are mapped with the four most significant bits of a cover pixel. Furthermore, the only two LSBs of a pixel are modified to indicate the mapping strategy. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to achieve 3.48% larger embedding capacity while enhancing the visual quality (i.e., peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) 3.73 dB) and reducing the modification of 0.76 bits per pixel. Moreover, the proposed method provides security against basic Regular and Singular groups (RS) steganalysis and histogram steganalysis detection attacks.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a broad range of applications enabled by the connection of devices such as sensors, actuators, and monitors accessible through the Internet. Massive IoT device connectivity and vast data transmission have made the information susceptible to various types of attacks. Therefore, encryption is required for secure communication in an IoT ecosystem. An IoT system is constrained by its complexities that require small computing power. Thus, lightweight block cipher is chosen as the solution to IoT security issues. RECTANGLE block cipher has very efficient encryption speed performance among the existing lightweight algorithms. Although RECTANGLE achieves such high efficiency, lack of focus on its security aspect needs to be addressed. The algorithm is short of confusion and diffusion characteristics that should be offered by a block cipher as one of the cryptographic security properties. Therefore, we extended RECTANGLE using a 3D cipher to improve its security features by enhancing the algorithm confusion and diffusion properties. Security analysis and performance tests were performed to verify the strength of the proposed 3D RECTANGLE. The results show that 3D RECTANGLE performs better than its original version in terms of the correlation between data input and output with an increase of 1.58% for non-linearity results, records approximately 50% bit error rate for sensitiveness against both modifications of plaintext and key, increase of passing rate in the randomness test by 22.22%, and achieves competitive performance results against existing algorithms with 0.9516 ms execution speed and 67.26 bit/ms throughput.
Data transmissions between smartphone users require security solutions to protect communications. Hence, encryption is an important tool that must be associated with smartphones to keep the user’s data safe. One proven solution to enhance the security of encryption algorithms is by using 3D designs on symmetric block ciphers. Although a 3D cipher design could improve the algorithms, the existing methods enlarge the block sizes that will also expand the key sizes and encryption rounds, thus decreasing their efficiency. Therefore, we propose the LAO-3D block cipher using a 3D permutation that offers security by providing confusion and diffusion characteristics. Five security analyses were conducted to assess the strengths of LAO-3D. The findings suggest that LAO-3D achieves better results compared to other existing lightweight block ciphers, with 98.2% non-linearity, 50% bit error rates for both plaintext and key modifications, surpasses 100% of the randomness test, and is immune to differential and linear cryptanalysis attacks. Moreover, the block cipher obtains competitive performance results in software applications. From the security analyses and performance tests, it is proven that LAO-3D can provide sufficient security at low costs in mobile encryption applications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.