Introduction: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the safe and easily reproducible bariatric procedures. Aim: To evaluate the effect of biliopancreatic limb (BPL) and alimentary limb (AL) length on weight loss outcomes after RYGB.

to respond to an incident, as well as provide life support to HazMat casualties. An example of a fundamental concept is the chain of survival of a HazMat casualty-early recognition and activation of the HazMat plan, administration of antidotes, decontamination, and HazMat medical life support. Issues pertaining to the triage, evaluation, and treatment of casualties in a potentially hazardous environment are covered with the teaching of a modified primary survey. The program also emphasizes the standardization of instruction, assessment of competency, and certification, and is an important tool for the employers to decide on the appropriate use of their staff in a HazMat incident.

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the association between menstrual cycle disorders with obesity in Iranian women. Methods & Materials: In the present case-control study, 405 obese women of reproductive age who referred to the Obesity Clinic of Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Tehran, between Jan 2013 and Oct 2015 were included as the case group and were compared with a control normal-weight group, selected from their family members (N=293). Menstrual cycle characteristics were documented in a researcher-designed checklist. For the statistical analysis, we used SPSS version 19 and Stata version 5.0. Results: In the case group, 47 women (11.6%) had irregular menstrual cycles, while it existed in 22 (7.5%) of the control group (P<0.001). The prevalence of different menstrual disorders was as follows: polymenorrhea 107 (26.4%) in cases and 51 (17.4%) in controls (P<0.001), oligomenorrhea 22 (5.4%) in cases and 16 (5.5%) in controls (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that morbid obesity increases the risk of menstrual irregularities and dysmenorrhea; therefore, it is essential to pay greater attention to this issue in morbid obese patients for proper management of this disturbing comorbidity.

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are public health concerns. It is essential to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity for effective planning and efficient use of resources in the health system. Objectives: The present study’s objective was to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 8 to 12 years in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 829 primary school children in Tehran were included. An investigator administered a checklist to collect the relevant data, and anthropometric measurements were performed using standard procedures. We used the World Health Organization’s (WHO) child growth standards to assess overweight and obesity among children. The Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variables, and statistical significance was confirmed at P < 0.05. Results: Of the students, 366 (44.1%) were boys, and 463 (55.9%) were girls. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 20.6% and 14.6%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was higher among boys than among girls (19.4% vs. 10.8%); the highest prevalence of obesity was observed among 9-year-old children. No relationship was identified between the type of school and the prevalence of obesity (P = 0.33). Conclusions: Childhood overweight and obesity were relatively prevalent among 8 - 12-year-old children. So, obesity should be considered a serious health problem in Tehran, requiring more care and interventions to prevent an epidemic of obesity among Iranian children.

Pupose: Insufficient angiogenesis is associated with serious diabetic complications. Recently, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are known to be a promising tool causing therapeutic neovascularization. However, the overall therapeutic efficacy of these cells is impaired by diabetes. This study aims to investigate whether in vitro pharmacological priming with deferoxamine, a hypoxia mimetic agent, could restore the angiogenic potential of diabetic human ADSCs. Methods: Diabetic human ADSCs were treated with Deferoxamine and compared to normal and nontreated diabetic ADSCs for the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, FGF-2 and SDF-1α, at mRNA and protein levels, using qRT-PCR, western blotting and ELISA assay. Activities of matrix metalloproteinases -2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9) were measured using a gelatin zymography assay. Angiogenic potentials of conditioned media derived from normal, Deferoxamine treated, and non-treated ADSCs were determined by in vitro scratch assay and also three-dimensional tube formation assay. Results: It is demonstrated that deferoxamine (150 and 300 μM) stabilized hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in primed diabetic ADSCs. At the concentrations used, deferoxamine did not show any cytotoxic effects. In deferoxamine treated ADSCs, expression of VEGF, SDF-1α, FGF-2 and the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly increased compared to nontreated ADSCs. Moreover, deferoxamine increased the paracrine effects of diabetic ADSCs in promoting endothelial cell migration and tube formation. Conclusion: Deferoxamine might be an effective drug for pharmacological priming of diabetic ADSCs to enhance the expression of proangiogenic factors noted via HIF-1α accumulation. In addition, impaired angiogenic potential of conditioned medium derived from diabetic ADSCs was restored by deferoxamine.

Table B. 1. Results of the simulation study for mixed binary and continuous longitudinal data based on the joint modeling for simulated data with γ j = −1 and κ j = 1, j = 1, 2, ..., 5. Estimate (Est.), standard error (S.E.), relative bias (Rel. Bias) and root of mean square error (RMSE) for N = 100 simulated data with sample sizes 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 are given. n=500 n=1000 n=2000 n=3000 Parameters

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Any physiologic or pathologic situation can affect oral and dental health. Obesity and Bariatric surgery are two different factors which have their own signs and symptoms in the oral cavity. Soft tissue, hard tissue, oral flora and saliva can manifest changes in these patients and some intervention would be needed to control it. Our goal is to review oral manifestations in obese and bariatric patients to attract attention to oral care in these patients.