First colostrum is an important source of nutrients and immune factors which are necessary for calves in the first weeks of life. Despite these benefits, colostrum can also represent one of the earliest potential exposures of dairy calves to infectious agents which these patogens can act directly on growth and cause diseases such as scours or septicemia. With recent increased interest in pasteurized milk feeding systems, producers have been curious to learn if there may also be benefits from feeding pasteurized colostrum. This study was realized to determine the effects of feeding heat-treated colostrum or unheated colostrum on passive transfer of immunity, immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, total plate count, health and performance of neonatal dairy calves. First-milking colostrum was collected from Holstein cows and frozen at-20°C to accumulate a large batch. Pooled batches of colostrum were mixed and divided equally: One half was fed unheated colostrum; whereas the other half was fed after heat treatment at 60°C for 30 min. Forty newborn male Holstein dairy calves were fed either unheated (n = 20) and heat-treated colostrum (n = 20), 10% of their birth weight. Calves received 4 L within 1 to 2h after birth and residuals was fed 6h after birth. Serum samples collected from calves and were assayed for serum total protein (STP) and IgG. Feed intake recorded weekly and body weight and skeletal growth measures recorded at d 3 and d 63 (weaning). Every day, calves clinically diagnosed either as being healthy or suffering from respiratory disease and neonatal calf diarrhea. Heat-treated colostrum resulted in lower colostrum bacterial concentration (2.01 vs. 3.96 cfu mL-1). Calves fed heat treated colostrum had greater STP in 24, 72h and 23d, IgG concentrations at 24 and 72h plus unheated colostrum. Also weaning weight and average daily gain were greater in calves feed heated colostrum. There were no differences in starter intake and feed efficiency between two groups. Calves fed heat-treated colostrum had lower fecal scores, diarrhea and pneumonia incidence. There were not differences in skeletal growth measurements except body barrel. These results shows that feeding heated colostrum can provide better growth and health in neonatal calves.
Adipose-derived stem cells are an attractive alternative as a source of stem cells that can easily be extracted from adipose tissue. Isolation, characterization, and multi-lineage differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells have been described for human and a number of other species. Here we aimed to isolate and characterize camel adipose-derived stromal cell frequency and growth characteristics and assess their adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Samples were obtained from five adult dromedary camels. Fat from abdominal deposits were obtained from each camel and adipose-derived stem cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion as previously reported elsewhere for adipose tissue. Cultures were kept until confluency and subsequently were subjected to differentiation protocols to evaluate adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic potential. The morphology of resultant camel adipose-derived stem cells appeared to be spindle-shaped fibroblastic morphology, and these cells retained their biological properties during in vitro expansion with no sign of abnormality in karyotype. Under inductive conditions, primary adipose-derived stem cells maintained their lineage differentiation potential into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages during subsequent passages. Our observation showed that like human lipoaspirate, camel adipose tissue also contain multi-potent cells and may represent an important stem cell source both for veterinary cell therapy and preclinical studies as well.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of milk supplemented with organic iron on performance, blood hematology, iron metabolism parameters, biochemical and immunological parameters in suckling lambs. Thirty-six newborn Dalagh lambs were randomly divided into three groups with 12 replications. The control group was fed with milk without organic iron. The other two groups were fed milk supplemented with 25 and 50 mg/d organic iron, respectively. During the experiment, increased daily weight gain and total body weight were observed in the iron-supplemented groups. An increase in the levels of red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular concentration in iron supplemented groups was indicated. Consumption of organic iron caused a significant decrease in plasma copper concentration. Total antioxidant status level was lower, but levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were higher in iron supplemented groups. In organic iron supplemented groups, insulin and thyroid hormones levels were significantly increased, and glucose level was significantly decreased. In organic iron supplemented groups, alkaline phosphatase level significantly increased, and aminotransferase level significantly decreased. Overall, the use of organic iron in the milk improved the performance and health in suckling lambs, and since a lower level of supplementation is naturally preferable, supplementation of milk with 25 mg/d organic iron is recommended.
An experiment was conducted by eight lactating Holstein cows with an average milk production of 32.75 kg day(-1) and body weight of 643.6 kg to evaluate the effects of propylene glycol (PG) on productive performance, blood metabolites and nutrients digestibilities. In this experiment a balanced change-over design with four treatments and four periods with 21 days were employed. Treatments included: (1) Control (without PG), (2) 250 g PG/cow/day, (3) 500 g PG/cow/day and (4) 750 g PG/cow/day. Daily milk yield recorded and milk samples were taken during seven and two last days of each period. The results show that dry matter intake, milk yield, fat corrected milk yield, milk compositions were not affected (p > 0.05) by different levels of PG. Supplementing diets with 500 and 750 g PG/cow/day, significantly increased plasma glucose (p < 0.05) but other blood metabolites such as blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride and cholesterol were not affected (p > 0.05) by PG. Apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matte was not affected (p > 0.05) by PG administration. In conclusion, plasma glucose was increased by using 500 and 750 g PG/cow/day (as powder) in the first and mid lactation stage, but the levels of 250 g PG/cow/day did not have any significant effect on dry matter intake, milk yield, milk compositions and other blood metabolites.
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