In livestock, pre-slaughter stress begins at the farm or market, continues during transport and upon arrival at the slaughterhouse, ending at slaughter. In this investigation, a survey was conducted in the slaughterhouse of Casablanca in Morocco to record the duration of the preslaughter operations and the frequency of urination in camels. Two groups of camels were constituted, the least stressed animals (Group I, n= 12) and the most stressed animals (Group II, n= 12). Group I animals had a waiting time before loading ≤ 24 h, a loading time ≤ 15 min, an unloading time ≤ 5 min, a water and food deprivation time before slaughter ≤ 24 h, a duration of accompaniment to the slaughter room ≤ 11 min and a frequency of urination during this accompaniment < 3 times. Those in group II had higher duration and frequency values for the same parameters. In addition, serum stress [cortisol (COR)], oxidant stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed in both groups, and correlations between these biomarkers and the durations of various preslaughter operations and the frequency of urination were established. The most stressed camels (G II) showed high serum concentrations of COR and MDA, and low CAT and SOD activities by comparison to the less stressed camels (G I) (P<0.05). Significant correlations were recorded between COR, MDA, CAT and SOD, and the durations of various preslaughter operations, and between COR and the frequency of urination.
Avant l’abattage, l’exposition des animaux d’élevage au stress thermique et au stress de transport routier en présence d’une forte densité de stockage dans les camions est capable d’altérer l’homéostasie et la qualité de la viande de ces animaux. Cette étude visait à étudier l’effet du stress thermique associé à une forte densité de chargement des animaux dans le véhicule avant l’abattage sur la composition chimique de la viande du dromadaire, au stade 24 h post mortem. L’analyse de la viande a été réalisée chez deux groupes de sept dromadaires : le groupe I a été transporté à 29–35 °C avec une densité de chargement de 1 animal / 1,74–2,13 m2 ; le groupe II a été transporté à 21–23 °C avec une densité de 1 animal / 3,12–4,31 m2. Le stress thermique associé à la forte densité de chargement n’a pas modifié de manière significative les teneurs en eau, matières sèches, cendres, protéines et lipides, ni l’osmolalité de la viande cameline. Par contre, il a diminué significativement (p < 0,05) le pH et l’activité de la catalase, et il a augmenté significativement (p < 0,05) la capacité de rétention d’eau, les pertes en exsudat, en poids et à la cuisson, la conductivité électrique, et les teneurs en malondialdéhyde et en carbonyles.
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