The urbanization and climate change phenomena are global problems whose negative effects have been exacerbated in cities, and they are a reason for the formation of global warming and urban heat islands. The research came to shed light on the urban expansion of Baghdad for four decades which extended between (1981-2021) using the ArcMap Gis10.7 technique, then evaluating the impact of this expansion on the city’s climate. The climate data were taken from Baghdad station by remote sensing technique for the same period. To clarify and analyse the relationship between the expansion and climatic data, Microsoft Excel was used. The results indicated a strong relationship between them, as urbanization rates increased, especially during the fourth cycle, to (85%), affecting all climatic elements, causing a rise in temperatures to 24362C as well as specific and relative humidity rates. While atmospheric pressure rates decreased to 100.64 kPa and that affected the wind speed, in addition to a clear fluctuation in rainfall and solar radiation rates.

The housing market in Singapore has observed extensive development and growth over the pastyears due to the validation of favourable economic, lawful, social, civilized, and political policies.housing and Development Board is the managerial organization that responsible for the developmentand improvement of the housing area in Singapore. In Singapore, above 80% of its citizens ownhomes, apartments, hostels and flats. Singapore has also set up economic facilities such as the CentralProvident Fund (CPF) to provide loan to its citizens at a lower interest rate to acquire houses andapartments. Favourable housing policies have also enabled the development and growth of otherhousing industries in other developed economies such as the UK, USA, Sweden, and Poland.