The Urban Expansion Impact on Climate Change for the City of Baghdad

Abstract

The urbanization and climate change phenomena are global problems whose negative effects have been exacerbated in cities, and they are a reason for the formation of global warming and urban heat islands. The research came to shed light on the urban expansion of Baghdad for four decades which extended between (1981-2021) using the ArcMap Gis10.7 technique, then evaluating the impact of this expansion on the city’s climate. The climate data were taken from Baghdad station by remote sensing technique for the same period. To clarify and analyse the relationship between the expansion and climatic data, Microsoft Excel was used. The results indicated a strong relationship between them, as urbanization rates increased, especially during the fourth cycle, to (85%), affecting all climatic elements, causing a rise in temperatures to 24362C as well as specific and relative humidity rates. While atmospheric pressure rates decreased to 100.64 kPa and that affected the wind speed, in addition to a clear fluctuation in rainfall and solar radiation rates.

Verifying the Best Iraqi Area to Install a LOFAR Radio Telescope Using SWOT Model

“…Several locations were obtained in the study areas, some of which were suitable, and others needed to be more appropriate according to the DEM. Figures (1)(2)(3)(4) show the chosen points to which the required specifications may apply in terms of altitude, as the global stations need, such as the relative specific height and an impact distance of 90 km [15].…”

“…The monthly average of atmospheric elements in the selected governorate, which are Nineveh, Al-Anbar, Al-Najaf, and Al-Muthanna according to the climate program, have been summarized in table 1. On the other hand, the topography of each of the selected governorates was also tested and demonstrated in the maps shown in Figures (1)(2)(3)(4). The topography of each governorate, Figures (1-4)A, shows the area's height and flatness measured in units of meters with a color scale ranging from green (minimum value) to red (maximum value).…”

“…Although these variations in weather conditions are inevitable and have significant impacts, they are usually measurable and can be mitigated based on experience. Thus, it is necessary to study the weather-related factors that affect radio link quality to minimize their impacts and adapt to different conditions [3][4]. Governorate user preference is strongly related to the complexity of the physical features of the urban structure, these physical features are presented as inputs perceived by users, these physical features will then be preserved in the user's memory as a result of the main occasions that took place in them [4].…”

“…Thus, it is necessary to study the weather-related factors that affect radio link quality to minimize their impacts and adapt to different conditions [3][4]. Governorate user preference is strongly related to the complexity of the physical features of the urban structure, these physical features are presented as inputs perceived by users, these physical features will then be preserved in the user's memory as a result of the main occasions that took place in them [4]. The geographic information systems technology is considered one of the most important technologies that have multiple uses in the spatial dimension.…”

Monitoring Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Land Cover of Basra Province using Remote Sensing Technique and GIS

“…Because it is an important indicator of environmental change, most LST researchers use it as a key characterization parameter for surface energy evolution and environmental change. However, researchers have made it simpler to use satellite data in conjunction with real-time monitoring and measurement methods to examine regional LST [7,8]. Most of the reported studies, presently, only address the LST of urban regional road networks and strongly emphasize urban areas.…”