Introduction: Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) is major fruit of gulf region. In folk medicine; dates have been traditionally use. The date seed is used as hypoglycaemic, expectorant, tonic, aphrodisiac, antidiarrheic and mouth hygiene. Aim:This study intended to evaluate the anti-diabetic, hypolipidaemic and antioxidative activities of date seed extract in diabetes-induced rats. Materials and Methods:Total of seven groups of rats, consisting of control rats and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats treated with aqueous seed extract in concentration of 100g/L in dosage of 10ml/day/rat. To evaluate the anti-diabetic property, glucose and weight was analysed weekly and at the end of eight week all rats were sacrificed. To evaluate the hypolipidaemic and antioxidative activities, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine were estimated. Liver enzymes and kidney function tests were performed. Moreover to verify the glycaemic effect; glycated haemoglobin and serum insulin was performed.Results: Aqueous seed extract in concentration of 100 gm/L in dosage of 10ml/day/rat brings a significant reduction of blood glucose levels in diabetic rats in comparison of control rats. There were significant differences in the investigated clinical chemistry and oxidative stress parameters between control and diabetic rats with both seed extract of Ajwa and Sukkari dates.conclusion: Present study verifies the antidiabetic property, of aqueous seed extracts of two different varieties of dates namely Ajwa and Sukkari of Kingdom of Saudi on streptozotocin induced Diabetic rats. Prolong treatments with the extract restores the function of liver and kidney and balance the oxidative stress condition in diabetic treated rats.

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Background: International Diabetes Federation ranked Saudi Arabia on third among the top 10 countries for prevalence of diabetes in 2010. Identifying people those are at increased risk for diabetes, followed by blood glucose testing to establish the diagnosis, and are considered to be an appropriate way of dealing with this problem. Objectives and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted for the first time in Saudi Arabia to estimate the 10-years risk of developing type 2 diabetes using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score and to investigate the dietary habits in such individuals among the Saudi non-diabetic population from July 2009 to March 2010. A total of 2007 Saudi citizens from all 11 provinces of Al-Qassim region were assessed using combined pre-piloted questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done utilizing SPSS version 13.0. Results: The gender ratio of the study participants was 1.6 male: 1.0 female. The mean (SD) age was 26.6 (10.2) years. The mean (SD) weight and height for males were 75.7 (19.6) kg and 169.4 (30.1) cm and for females were 64.4 (17.8) kg and 157.2 (10.4) respectively. Males had significantly higher body weight (kg), height (cm), and waist circumstance (cm) as compared to females (p <0.05). Our findings estimated that more than one-fourth of Saudi non-diabetics were found to be at moderate (one in six), high (one in three), and very high (one in two) risk to develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years. Majority of them were overweight and obese (36.8% and 60% respectively). More than ninety percent were found to have very limited physical activity with poor dietary habits. Conclusion: This study provides insight into progression and onset of type 2 diabetes in Saudi non-diabetic population within next 10 years using FINDRISC. The population at risk characterized by the sedentary activities, unhealthy dietary habits, obesity, and central obesity. Our findings suggest the need for urgent efforts to increase the level of physical activity, minimize sedentary lifestyle, and to improve the pattern of dietary habits especially among the population at risk in Saudi general population.

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Objective To assess if early pregnancy (≤14 weeks of gestation) 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level is associated with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A nested case‐control study (60 women in each arm) was conducted at Saad Abualila Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) during the period of January to November 2017. Clinical and obstetrical data were gathered, 25(OH)D concentration was measured at the first prenatal visit, and a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Results Compared with women without GDM, in women with GDM, the median of the 25(OH)D level was significantly lower (7.3 [interquartile range 5.7–8.8] ng/mL versus 8.4 [interquartile range 6.6–11.9] ng/mL, P=0.001). All women in the study (with and without GDM) had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D<20 ng/mL). The results of the logistic regression showed that a low 25(OH)D level was the only factor associated with GDM (odds ratio [OR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73–0.95, P=0.010). Women with 25(OH)D less than 6.0 ng/mL were at a higher risk of GDM (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.29–8.12, P=0.012). Conclusion A low 25(OH)D level in early pregnancy was associated with increased risk of GDM. This finding might be useful in predicting GDM.

Background: People with type 2 diabetes are threefold affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with non-diabetics. Many studies reported the absence of traditional CVD risk factors in a substantial portion of individuals experiencing clinical vascular events. Novel risk markers for CVD are often said to add independent predictive value for risk prediction. Objective: In the present study we evaluated different CVD risk factors based on high-sensitivity C-reactive (hs-CRP) protein quartiles among diabetics and non-diabetics population. Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, we recruited a total of one-hundred and nine participants (64 type 2 diabetics and 45 healthy controls). Venous blood sample collected from each subject. Body weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Biochemical analytes were measured according to standard procedures. Data analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Mean serum hs-CRP levels were significantly higher among diabetics (2.3 mg/l) compared to controls (1.8 mg/l; P = 0.019). Moreover, the 3rd & 4th quartiles of hs-CRP were characterized by more frequency of diabetes as well as hypertension. The percent of participants with diabetes or hypertension seemed positively related to hs CRP concentrations. Lipid profile analysis revealed the highest levels of LDL-C and Apo B in 4th quartile hs-CRP. In addition, participants in the 4th quartile hs-CRP were characterized by the highest age, BMI, plasma glucose. However, there was no clear association between levels of hs-CRP and the HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL-C, and Apo A1.European Scientific Journal November 2017 edition Vol.13, No.33 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 404 Conclusion: Measurement of hs-CRP in diabetic patients might provide useful information for development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and help in early intervention.

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