The role of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) in the assessment of non-culprit lesions (NCL) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is debated. In this prospective clinical study, a total of 68 ACS patients with 89 moderate (30–70% diameter stenosis) NCLs were enrolled to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of on-site CT-FFR compared to invasive fractional flow reserve (FFRi) and dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) as reference standards. CT-FFR and FFRi values ≤ 0.80, as well as new or worsening wall motion abnormality in ≥2 contiguous segments on the supplying area of an NCL on DSE, were considered positive for ischemia. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value of CT-FFR relative to FFRi and DSE were 51%, 89%, 75%, and 74% and 37%, 77%, 42%, and 74%, respectively. CT-FFR value (β = 0.334, p < 0.001) and CT-FFR drop from proximal to distal measuring point [(CT-FFR drop), β = −0.289, p = 0.002)] were independent predictors of FFRi value in multivariate linear regression analysis. Based on comparing their receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (AUC) values, CT-FFR value and CT-FFR drop provided better discriminatory power than CCTA-based minimal lumen diameter stenosis to distinguish between an NCL with positive and negative FFRi [0.77 (95% Confidence Intervals, CI: 0.67–0.86) and 0.77 (CI: 0.67–0.86) vs. 0.63 (CI: 0.52–0.73), p = 0.029 and p = 0.043, respectively]. Neither CT-FFR value nor CT-FFR drop was predictive of regional wall motion score index at peak stress (β = −0.440, p = 0.441 and β = 0.403, p = 0.494) or was able to confirm ischemia on the territory of an NCL revealed by DSE (AUC = 0.54, CI: 0.43–0.64 and AUC = 0.55, CI: 0.44–0.65, respectively). In conclusion, on-site CT-FFR is superior to conventional CCTA-based anatomical analysis in the assessment of moderate NCLs; however, its diagnostic capacity is not sufficient to make it a gatekeeper to invasive functional evaluation. Moreover, based on its comparison with DSE, CT-FFR might not yield any information on the microvascular dysfunction in the territory of an NCL.
A 30-year-old female patient known to be an intravenous drug user (IVDU) was admitted to Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Hospital Cardiology Intensive Care Unit at 29-week gestation with severe sepsis and right heart failure. She had methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus on blood culture. Echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis of tricuspid valve infective endocarditis (IE). She had acute deterioration and hemodynamic instability for which an emergency tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) with a simultaneous Cesarean section (CS) was performed simultaneously. Medical management is the standard treatment in IE of IVDU pregnant patients, but in case of life-threatening complications, emergency TVR and CS are to be considered. This is the first reported case of IVDU IE treated with simultaneous TVR and CS.
Surgical aortic valve replacement in the elderly is now being supplanted by transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Scoring systems to predict survival after catheter-based procedures are understudied. Both diabetes (DM) and underlying inflammatory conditions are common in patients undergoing TAVI, but their impact remains understudied in this patient group. We examined 560 consecutive TAVI procedures and identified eight pre-procedural factors: age, body mass index (BMI), DM, fasting blood glucose (BG), left-ventricular ejection fraction (EF), aortic valve (AV) mean gradient, C-reactive protein levels, and serum creatinine levels and studied their impact on survival. The overall mortality rate at 30 days, 1 year and 2 years were 5.2%, 16.6%, and 34.3%, respectively. All-cause mortality was higher in patients with DM (at 30 days: 8.9% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.008; at 1 year: 19.7% vs. 14.9%, p = 0.323; at 2 years: 37.9% vs. 32.2%, p = 0.304). The presence of DM was independently associated with increased 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 5.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–23.25, p = 0.024). BG levels within 7–11, 1 mmol/L portended an increased risk for 30-day and 2-year mortality compared to normal BG (p = 0.001 and p = 0.027). For each 1 mmol/L increase in BG 30-day mortality increased (HR 1.21, 95% CI, 1.04–1.41, p = 0.015). Reduced EF and elevated CRP were each associated with increased 2-year mortality (p = 0.042 and p = 0.003). DM, elevated BG, reduced EF, and elevated baseline CRP levels each are independent predictors of short- and long-term mortality following TAVI. These easily accessible screening parameters should be integrated into risk-assessment tools for catheter-based aortic valve replacement candidates.
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement was compared to dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) instable angina (SA) with stable coronary lesion(s) (SCL(s)) in a few trials; however, similar comparisons in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with non-culprit lesion(s) (NCL(s)) are lacking. Our objectives were to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of FFR with two different cutoff values (< 0.80 and < 0.75) relative to DSE in moderate (30%-70% diameter stenosis) NCLs (ACS group) and to compare these observations with those measured in SCLs (SA group). One hundred seventy-five consecutive patients with SA (n = 86) and ACS (n = 89) with 225 coronary lesions (109 SCLs and 116 NCLs) were enrolled. In contrast to the ACS cohort in SA patients, normal DSE was associated with higher FFR values compared to those with abnormal DSE (P = 0.051 versus P = 0.006). In addition, in the SA group, a significant correlation was observed between DSE (regional wall motion score index at peak stress) and FFR (r = −0.290; P = 0.002), whereas a similar association was absent (r = −0.029; P = 0.760) among ACS patients. In the SA group, decreasing the FFR cutoff value (< 0.80 versus < 0.75) improved the concordance of FFR with DSE (70.6% versus 81.7%) without altering its discriminatory power (area under the curve; 0.68 versus 0.63; P = 0.369), whereas in the ACS group, concordance remained similar (69.0% versus 71.6%) and discriminatory power decreased (0.62 versus 0.51; P = 0.049), respectively. In conclusion, lesion-specific FFR assessment may have different relevance in patients with moderate NCLs than in patients with SCLs.
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Háttéréscélkitűzés: Iszkémiás szívbetegség gyanúja esetén validált prediktorokon alapuló, a kórkép valószínűségét előrejelző rendszerek segítik a klinikus diagnosztikus munkáját. Ezzel szemben már ismert koszorúér-betegség esetén nincsenek bevált prediktorok, amelyek a koszorúér-betegség szignifikáns progresszióját jeleznék. Jelen célkitűzésünk az volt, hogy meghatározzuk azon tényezőket, amelyek az ismert obstruktív koszorúér-betegség szignifikáns progreszszióját (de novo szignifikáns natív koronárialézió, és/vagy de novo szignifikáns in stent restenosis) jelzik.Módszerek: Retrospektív vizsgálatunkba olyan 212 egymást követő, elektív rekoronarográfián átesett beteget vontunk be, akiknél korábban már invazív koronarográfiával igazolták az obstruktív koszorúér-betegséget (38% nő, átlagéletkor 64±10 év). Kizárásra kerültek a tervezett perkután koronária-intervenció, tervezett intrakoronáriás nyomásgrádiens-meghatározás és az akut koronária szindróma miatt indikált vizsgálatok. Feldolgozásra kerültek a panaszok jellemzői, az indikációk, a stressz tesztek eredményei, az anamnesztikus adatok, az elektrokardiográfia, az echokardiográfia, a korábbi szívkatéterezések és intervenciók paraméterei.Eredmények: A betegek 59%-ánál detektáltunk szignifikáns progressziót (64% natív koronárialézió, 20% in stent restenosis, 16% mindkettő). A vizsgált változók közül az alábbiak bizonyultak a legerősebb prediktornak: utolsó szívinfarktus óta eltelt idő; megelőző koronarográfia óta eltelt idő; legutolsó perkután intervenció óta eltelt idő; típusos vagy atípusos mellkasi fájdalom; előző intervenciók során nem történt gyógyszerkibocsájtó stentimplantáció; szegmentális falmozgászavar; bármilyen mellkasi fájdalom; sima fém stent beültetése az utolsó intervenciókor. Következtetés: Eredményeink segítséget nyújthatnak egy olyan prediktív rendszer kidolgozásához, amely előre jelezheti a koszorúér-betegség szignifikáns progressziójának valószínűségét, így segítve a nem invazív vizsgálatok és a rekoronarográfia mérlegelését. PredictorsofsignificantprogressionofcoronaryarterydiseaseBackground: In patients with suspected coronary artery disease, validated pre-test probability models help the clinician's decision-making, based on simple patient and symptom characteristics. For patients with history of definitive coronary artery disease similar pre-test probability evaluation is not available. In our retrospective analysis, we sought to investigate the predictors of significant progression of coronary artery disease (de novo significant native coronary lesion and/or de novo significant in stent restenosis) in patients with history of obstructive coronary artery disease validated by previous angiogram. Methods: Consecutive 212 patients, referred for repeated elective coronary angiography, were involved (38% woman, age 64±10 years). Exclusion criteria were: scheduled coronary intervention or fractional flow reserve measurement based on previous angiogram, acute coronary syndrome. Characteristics of symptoms, indications, medical history, results of ...
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