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Background: Allergic rhinitis is atopic disorder, 10% to 25% of the population worldwide are suffering from it, The prevalence is increasing during the last 10 years. Objectives: To study the relationship among polymorphism of single nucleotide in TLR2 and TLR4 genes and the risk of allergic rhinitis disease. Methodology: This study was done on 60 patients suffering from allergic rhinitis and 30 healthy subjects as a control group from April 2019 to March 2020. The patients were collected from Otorhinolaryngology Department of Benha University Hospital. Test of Skin prick (SPT) was done to assess atopic state. Blood samples were collected to detect TLR gene polymorphism by Polymerase chain reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The genotypic frequencies of TLR2 Arg753Gln showed increased frequency of the homozygous (GG) genotype among the controls (80%) more than the allergic rhinitis patients (30%). The heterozygous (AG) genotype was increased among the allergic rhinitis patients (62.5%) more than in the healthy group (15%) with OR =9.4, 95% CI (2.4-37.7) and significant P-value. Also, the homozygous mutant (AA) genotype has more trend in the patients (7.5%) than in the control subjects (5%), with OR = 0. 6, 95% CI (0.1-6.7) and non-significant P-value. The genotypic frequencies Statistical data in TLR4 Asp299Gly revealed that the homozygous (AA) genotype has more frequency in the controls (70%) than the allergic rhinitis patients (20%). The heterozygous (AG) genotype was more prevalent among the allergic rhinitis patients (65%) than the controls (30%) with OR =4.3, 95% CI (1.4-13.8) and significant P-value. Conclusion: GG genotype of TLR2 and AA genotype of TLR4 are least affected by allergic rhinitis disease and the major allele in both gene is protective against the disease.

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There are a few potential reasons for vocal overlap polyps in grown-ups. The mechanical harm is the fundamental driver for polyp arrangement. Laryngopharyngeal reflux and human papilloma infection are conceivable co-factors. The point of this examination was to discover the related parts of laryngopharyngeal reflux and human papilloma infection in the advancement of grown-up vocal crease polyps. This cross-sectional observational investigation included 50 grown-up patients gave vocal crease polyps. Patients were preoperatively evaluated for the presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux utilizing the approved nine-thing reflux indication file and eight-thing reflux discovering score. All patients were exposed to extraction of the laryngeal polyp by microlaryngoscopic medical procedure. The extracted tests were sent for human papilloma infection (HPV) identification by PCR. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) was introduced in 34 patients (68%). Reflux side effect list went from 6 to 25 (mean 13.06 ± 4.95). Reflux discovering score went from 3 to 18 (mean 10.08 ± 4.32). Seventeen patients (34%) had positive HPV-6. Fifteen patients had positive HPV-6 out of 34 patients determined to have LPR (44.11%), contrasted with just two patients had positive HPV-6 among 16 patients without LPR (12.5%) (P = 0.027). There were critical relations between presence of HPV-6 and both reflux side effect record and reflux discovering score; both were essentially higher among patients with positive HPV-6 (P = 0.028) and (P < 0.001) individually. Both laryngopharyngeal reflux and human papilloma infection assume significant related functions in the improvement of vocal crease polyps in grown-ups.

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) plays an important role in chronic rhinosinusitis and chronic otits media in children. Children may frequently have recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infection. Objectives: To assess anti leukotrienes effect on CD64 expression on surface of monocyte cells in children complaining of adenoid hypertrophy. Methodology: This study was conducted on Patients diagnosed with adenoid hypertrophy at

Background:. Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa which remains as persistent illness and of difficult management. Objectives: -are to evaluate the relation between microbiological flora present in the nose and pathogenesis of primary atrophic rhinitis disease and to detect the antibiotic susceptibility of these microorganisms and detection of the prevalence of Ampc beta lactamase gene among isolated strains. Methodology: This study was done on samples collected from 60 patients attending the Outpatient Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology at Benha University Hospital, collected during the period from February 2019 to September 2019. Bacterial cultures from nasal crust, or discharge were done for isolation of the pathogenic bacteria and detection of their antibiotic susceptibility by Vitek-2 system,multiplex PCR was done to detect AmpC gene in isolated strains. Results: Klebsiella ozeana was isolated in 24 (40%) of the patients followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 12 cases (20%). Klebsiella species showed 5%, 45%, and 65% susceptibility to first, second, and third generation cephalosporins, respectively. It also showed 64% susceptibility to quinolones and 42% susceptibility to amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid. The susceptibilities of the isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to antibacterial agents were 12%, 59%, and 70% to first, second, and third generation cephalosporins, respectively, and 64% susceptibility to quinolone. From the 45 enterobactericae isolates, 21 (46.7%) were AmpC β-lactamase isolates [13/24 (54.2 %) K.ozeanea, 5/12 (41.7%), 2/6(33.3%) E. coli, 1/3(33.3%) P. mirabilis Conclusion: The bacterial infection of nasal mucosa is the main trigger in patients complaining of primary atrophic rhinitis .