The appearance of new deadly diseases like cancer and the burgeoning problem of drug resistance among common bacteria l pathogens are a serious threat to a vailable trea tments. Since the channels of compounds under development are limited, this necessitates the discovery of new drugs. It is where actinomycetes can complement in the accomplishment of development of thera peu tically new bioactive compounds, predomina ntly u sed in antibiotic production. Actinomycetes are diverse in their location and have proven ability to produce new bioactive compounds. By employing modern microbiological and molecular technologies, the target-directed search for detection and isolation of bioactive actinomycetes is gaining more strength. Therefore, the innova tive isolation of actinomycetes from extreme ecosystems, their identification and cultivation using novel techniques are imperative to pursue for drug discovery.
The bacterial phylum Actinobacteria encompasses microorganisms with incomparable metabolic versatility and deep resource of medicines. However, the recent decrease in the discovery rate of antibiotics warrant innovative strategies to harness actinobacterial resources for lead discovery. Indeed, microbial culturing efforts measuring the outcomes of specific genera lagged behind the detected microbial potential. Herein, we used a distinct competitive strategy that exploits competitive microbial interactions to accelerate the diversification of strain libraries producing antibiotics. This directed-evolution-based strategy shifted the diversity of Actinobacteria experimental over the time course (0-8 days) and led to the isolation of Actinobacterial strains with distinct antimicrobial spectrum against pathogens. To understand the competitive interactions over experimental time course, the metagenomic community sequencing revealed that actinobacterial members from families Nocardiaceae and Cellulomonadaceae with relatively increased abundances towards end, are thus competitively advantageous. Whilst comparing the Actinobacteria retrieved in the competitive strategy to that of the routinely used isolation method, the Actinobacteria genera identified from competitive communities differed relatively in abundances as well as antimicrobial spectrum compared to actinobacterial strains retrieved in classical method. In sum, we present a strategy that influences microbial interactions to accelerate the likelihood of potential actinobacterial strains with antimicrobial potencies
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