Boswellic acids, derived from the Boswellia serrata plant, have been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory properties in experimental animal models. The present study was aimed to evaluate the uro-protective effect of boswellic acids in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Interstitial cystitis was induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP). In order to analyze the reduction of the urothelial damage, the bladder weight, the nociception response, and the Evans blue dye extravasation from the bladder were evaluated. To investigate the involvement of lipid peroxidation and enzymatic antioxidants CAT, SOD, and GPX and MPO and NO were evaluated. IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by the ELISA immunoassay technique. The results showed that pretreatment with boswellic acids significantly reduced urothelial damage which was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of MDA, CPO, and NO levels and prevention of the depletion of CAT, SOD, and GPX. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were dramatically reduced by boswellic acids. Histopathological findings revealed a considerable reduction in cellular infiltration, edema, epithelial denudation, and bleeding. Our findings showed that boswellic acids, by their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, negate the detrimental effects of cyclophosphamide on the bladder, suggesting boswellic acids as promising therapeutic alternatives for cystitis.
Background: Diabetic patients presenting with Fournier gangrene have the highest mortality rate of all at-risk populations. Objective: To compare the efficacy of adjuvant topical oxygen therapy methods and conventional methods in the management of diabetic patients having Fournier's gangrene Methodology: This was a comparative cross-sectional study, in Surgical unit 3, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, from 1st January to 30th June 2020. A total of 120 cases were included by systematic random sampling in the study, who were admitted either through OPD or the Emergency ward. In Group A, Topical Oxygen Therapy was given along with conventional methods. In Group B only conventional methods of wound care were applied. In group A, 100% oxygen was given in a bag with a routinely available oxygen cylinder exposing the whole affected part of the body or limb. Oxygen in the chamber was given for a maximum of one and a half hours twice daily in one sitting for 7 to 10 days. In the interval between cycles, the wound was covered with a soaked antiseptic dressing. After clinical improvement, the patient was discharged and called for follow-up in outdoor on weekly intervals initially and then fortnightly for up to 6 months. Results: Mean age was calculated as 36.45±10 and 35.38±9 years in Group-A and B respectively. Comparison of the efficacy of adjuvant topical oxygen therapy and conventional methods in the management of Fournier’s gangrene showed that 44 (73.3%) in Group-A and 29 (48.3%) in Group-B had efficacy (p=0.00). Conclusion: Efficacy of adjuvant topical oxygen therapy is significantly higher when compared with conventional methods in the management of Fournier's gangrene.
The World Health Organization [1] has defined violence as “the intentional use of physical force, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in, or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation’’ [1]. According to the WHO [1] typology of violence, there are mainly three types, such as, self-directed, interpersonal, and collective violence; these types are further divided into subtypes [1]. The current study focused on interpersonal (intimate partner or domestic) violence against married men. The Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) can be defined as the physical, psychological, or sexual harm by current/previous partner or spouse; domestic violence is used interchangeably with IPVs [2]. Violence against women is extensively studied in different parts of the western world and Asian countries; however, very few of the researchers have paid attention towards violence against men [3,4]; Hines et al. [5] it is commonly claimed that men are traditionally viewed as being physically stronger than women, therefore, they under-report their victimization due to barriers like embarrassment and masculine ego [6]. The fact that men are victims of IPV, from their female partners, has been identified for the last thirty years [5]; these victims often face the humiliation of being laughed at, accused, belittled, or ridiculed, due to which they do not report their victimization [6]. Studies have identified equal levels of exposure to intimate partner violence among men and women [7]; the rates and frequencies of violence enacted by women are often similar to that of their men partners [8]. Such symmetry signifies a weak association of gender with perpetration of IPV. However, men’s ego has been developed by the society in such a way that their reporting of violence is generally considered a social stigma. When men attempt to report DV against them, most of the times they are not trusted; instead, they are laughed at and ridiculed for the notion that they are beaten by their wives
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