Leprosy cases were still a common problem in Indonesia. Even though Bali was not considered as a high epidemic region in Indonesia, new cases of multibacillary leprosy continuously appeared. Vitamin D and its receptor, Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) has a role in modulation of immune system against M. leprae. This study aimed to find correlation between blood VDR serum level with bacterial index of multibacillary leprosy patients. Study design using cross-sectional model conducted in Sanglah General Hospital involving 47 multibacillary leprosy patients taken consecutively from July-October 2017. The level of VDR was examined by ELISA method. Characteristic of study participant is 29 (61.7%) male patients and 18 (38.3%) female patients. The mean age of the patient was 38.83 years. The mean VDR level was 27.80 pg/dl. Spearman correlation test found that there is a strong negative correlation (r = - 0.954; p < 0.001) between plasma level of VDR with bacterial index in multibacillary patients. This result suggests that the lower the VDR level, the higher bacterial index in leprosy patients. This study emphasizes more the role of Vitamin D and its receptor in immunomodulation especially in leprosy infection.
This study was aimed to prove that administration of 10% redfruit extract cream could prevent the increase of skin melanin in guinea pig exposed to UVB and to compare this effect with 4% hydroquinone cream. This was a true experimental study using post test only control group design. Subjects were devided into three groups; each of 10 guinea pigs. Group 1, the control group, was exposed to UVB and applied with basic cream. Group 2 was exposed to UVB and applied with 4% hydroquinone cream. Group 3 was exposed to UVB and applied with 10% redfruit extract cream. The total dose of UVB was 390 mJ/cm2 given for 2 weeks. The amount of melanin was calculated using the percentage of the pixel area of melanin and was compared with the pixel areas of all epidermal tissues. The results showed that the highest percentage of melanin area was in group 1 (19.78%±3.79%). The percentage of melanin area in group 3 was 1.25%±0.76% meanwhile in group 2 was 0.85%±0.37%. There were signi-ficant differences in melanin percentage between the control group and group 2 as well as group 3 (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in melanin percentage between group 2 and group 3 (P >0.05). Conclusion: The 10% redfruit extract cream could prevent the increase of skin melanin in guinea pig exposed to UVB as effectively as the 4% hydroquinone cream.Keywords: redfruit extract cream, melanin, UVBAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek pemberian krim ekstrak buah merah 10% dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin kulit marmut yang dipapar sinar UVB dan perbandingannya dengan krim hidrokuinon 4%. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan post test only control group design. Sampel terdiri dari tiga kelompok dengan jumlah sampel 10 ekor marmut jantan tiap kelompok. Kelompok 1 yaitu kelompok kontrol, diberi paparan sinar UVB dan diolesi krim dasar. Kelompok 2 diberi paparan sinar UVB dan diolesi krim hidrokuinon 4%. Kelompok 3 diberi paparan sinar UVB dan diolesi krim ekstrak buah merah 10%. Dosis total UVB yaitu 390 mJ/cm2 diberikan selama 2 minggu. Jumlah melanin dihitung dengan persentase pixel luas area melanin dibandingkan dengan pixel seluruh jaringan epidermis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah melanin tertinggi pada kelompok 1 (19,78± 3,79%) dan terendah pada kelompok 2 (0,85±0,37%), sedangkan jumlah melanin pada kelompok 3 di antara keduanya (1,25±0,76%). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok 1 dengan kelompok 2 dan 3 (P <0,05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok 2 dan 3 dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin (P >0,05 ). Simpulan: Krim ekstrak buah merah 10% dapat mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin kulit marmut yang dipapar sinar UVB sama efektif dengan krim hidrokuinon 4%.Kata kunci: krim ekstrak buah merah, melanin, UVB
As the outer organ of the body, skin becomes the main target of environmental influences, particularly the UVB rays. Based on analysis of phytochemicals, red pomegranate peel extract contains antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and vitamin C which are able to prevent increased skin melanin by inhibiting the actions of tyrosinase. This study was aimed to prove that application of 8% red pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum) cream could prevent the increase of skin melanin in female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) exposed to UVB as well as to prove that the 8% red pomegranate peel extract cream was as effective as 4% hydroquinone cream in preventing increased skin melanin. This was a true experimental study using post test only control group design. Subjects were divided into three groups, with 10 guinea pigs each group. Group 1, the control group, was treated with UVB exposure and basic cream. Group 2 was treated with UVB exposure and 4% hydroquinone cream. Group 3 was treated with UVB and 8% red pomegranate peel extract cream. A total of 390 mJ/cm UVB dosage was given for 2 weeks. Histopahtologic slides were stained with Masson-Fontana. The amount of melanin area colored in black was evaluated by the percentage of pixel areas of melanin compared with pixel areas of all epidermal tissues. The results showed that the highest amount of melanin was in group 1 (18.13±4.76%), followed by group 3 (1.876±0.73%), and group 2 as the lowest (0.67±0.291%). There was a significant difference between control group and group 2 as s well as group 3 (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between group 2 and group 3 (P >0.05). Conclusion: Application of 8% red pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum) cream could prevent the increase of skin melanin in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) exposed to UVB. The 8% red pomegranate peel extract cream was as effective as 4% hydroquinone cream in preventing increased skin melanin.Keywords: red pomegranate peel extract, melanin, skin, UVBAbstrak: Sebagai organ terluar dari tubuh, kulit menjadi target utama dari pengaruh lingkungan, terutama oleh sinar UVB. Berdasarkan analisis fitokimia, ekstrak kulit delima merah memiliki kandungan antioksidan seperti flavonoid fenol, tanin, dan vitamin C yang mampu mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin dengan cara menghambat kerja enzim tirosinase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek pemberian krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) 8% dalam menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin pada kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) betina yang dipapar sinar UVB dan krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) 8% memiliki efektivitas yang sama dengan krim hidrokuinon 4% dalam menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin tersebut. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan post test only control group design. Subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, masing-masing berjumlah 10 ekor marmut betina. Kelompok 1 (kontrol) diberikan pajanan sinar UVB dan krim dasar; kelompok 2 diberikan paparan sinar UVB dan krim hidrokuinon 4%; dan kelompok 3diberikan pajanan sinar UVB dan krim ekstrak kulit delima merah 8%. Dosis total UVB 390 mJ/cm2 yang diberikan selama 2 minggu. Sediaan histopatologik jaringan kulit menggunakan pewarnaan Masson-Fontana. Jumlah melanin dihitung dengan persentase pixel luas area melanin dibandingkan pixel seluruh jaringan epidermis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah melanin paling tinggi terdapat pada kelompok 1 (18,13±4,76%), diikuti kelompok 3 (1,876±0,73%), dan paling rendah pada kelompok 2 (0,67±0,291%). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok 1 dengan kelompok 2 dan 3 (P <0,05) sedangkan antara kelompok 2 dan 3 tidak berbeda bermakna dalam mencegah peningkatan jumlah melanin (P >0,05). Simpulan: Krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) 8% dapat menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin pada kulit marmut (Cavia porcellus) betina. Krim ekstrak kulit delima merah (Punica granatum) 8% sama efektif dengan krim hidrokuinon 4% dalam menghambat peningkatan jumlah melanin pada kulit marmut.Kata kunci: kulit delima merah, melanin, kulit, UVB, marmut betina.
Caulerpa spp. including seaweed and macro-algae can be found in a large number at Coastal Serangan, Bali-Indonesia. Caulerpa spp was historically used for food and vegetable. However, in our today life, this plant was applied as material for skin care products, especially for UV protection. The aim of this study is to know the active component of caulerpa spp extract and its inhibition of premature skin aging induced by UV-B radiation through collagen expression. This was descriptive and experimental research applying a randomized posttest only control group design. Active component contained in the caulerpa spp extract are carotenoid, vitamin A, C, and E, polyphenols, minerals and amino acids. Topical application of caulerpa spp can suppress the UV-B radiation induced collagen damage. Increased of collagen expression in all groups of caulerpa spp. just as good as astaxanthin group in improving collagen expression and 0.2% of caulerpa spp. extract is the most effective dose in improving collagen expression.
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