This study sought to determine the clinical profiles and optimal management of primary hepatic carcinoid tumours. The clinical features of nine Chinese patients and 64 patients reported in the English-language literature were characterized. Recurrence rate and survival analysis were performed with the Kaplan-Meier method. The impact of surgical resection and post-operative recurrence on survival was determined by means of the log-rank test. Carcinoid syndrome complicated 10 cases (14%). Sixty-two patients (85%) underwent surgical resection. Actuarial 5- and 10-year survival rates for resected patients were 80% and 75%, respectively. Twelve patients experienced recurrences: the recurrence rate at 5 years post-operatively was 26%. All patients with resectable recurrent disease achieved good long-term survival and no significant relationship was found between recurrence and survival. Owing to the high incidence of recurrence, long-term follow-up is necessary and it is recommended that recurrent cases should be managed with judicious surgical resection.

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a rare complication of solid organ transplantation. Immunosuppressive drugs, including cyclosporin A and tacrolimus, have frequently been incriminated. Here we report a case of tacrolimus-induced HUS in a woman with small-for-size syndrome after living-donor liver transplantation. Hypertension, microangiopathic anaemia and end-stage renal failure occurred in the immediate post-transplant period; all other risk factors that might be implicated in the development of HUS were investigated and excluded if no evidence was found. A possible association between small-for-size syndrome, which frequently results in a high blood concentration of tacrolimus post-operatively, and the occurrence of HUS is discussed.

In recent years, the prevalence of T2DM has been increasing annually, in particular, the personal and socioeconomic burden caused by multiple complications has become increasingly serious. This study aimed to screen out the high-risk complication combination of T2DM through various data mining methods, establish and evaluate a risk prediction model of the complication combination in patients with T2DM. Questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and biochemical tests were conducted on 4,937 patients with T2DM, and 810 cases of sample data with complications were retained. The high-risk complication combination was screened by association rules based on the Apriori algorithm. Risk factors were screened using the LASSO regression model, random forest model, and support vector machine. A risk prediction model was established using logistic regression analysis, and a dynamic nomogram was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, harrell’s concordance index (C-Index), calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and internal validation were used to evaluate the differentiation, calibration, and clinical applicability of the models. This study found that patients with T2DM had a high-risk combination of lower extremity vasculopathy, diabetic foot, and diabetic retinopathy. Based on this, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen levels were screened and used for the modeling analysis. The area under the ROC curves of the internal and external validations were 0.768 (95% CI, 0.744−0.792) and 0.745 (95% CI, 0.669−0.820), respectively, and the C-index and AUC value were consistent. The calibration plots showed good calibration, and the risk threshold for DCA was 30–54%. In this study, we developed and evaluated a predictive model for the development of a high-risk complication combination while uncovering the pattern of complications in patients with T2DM. This model has a practical guiding effect on the health management of patients with T2DM in community settings.