Aim. Investigation of the features of epidemiological characteristics of infectious morbidity associated with medical care registered in newborns in maternity care facilities of the Republic of Tatarstan. Methods. Retrospective epidemiological study of the morbidity of infections associated with medical care registered in newborns in the Republic of Tatarstan was performed. Epidemiological analysis was carried out using the forms of Federal statistical observation №2 of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing «The information about the infectious and parasitic diseases» (section «Hospital-acquired infections»). Results. Based on the received materials epidemiological analysis of the dynamics of hospital-acquired infectious morbidity in newborns for the period from 2009 to 2015 was performed. Unidirectional trend of infectious morbidity associated with medical care and of various nosological forms was revealed. Downward trend with a negative morbidity growth rate was identified for neonatal pneumonia, osteomyelitis, pyoderma, impetigo, mastitis, panaritium and paronychia of newborns, omphalitis, phlebitis of the umbilical vein and neonatal conjunctivitis. Neonatal morbidity of hospital-acquired otitis media did not changed from the baseline. Prevalent nosological forms of infections associated with medical care among newborns were pyoderma, impetigo, mastitis, panaritium, paronychia (33.6%) and pneumonia (29.5%). Conclusion. The average morbidity of infections associated with medical care in newborns in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period from 2009 to 2015 was 13.0 per 1000 newborns; negative dynamics of the morbidity with negative morbidity growth rate in newborns during this period was revealed (-42.3%).
The review presents a modern strategy to improve the means of vaccine prevention of streptococcal infections aimed at finding and developing new vaccines for immunization of people belonging to risk groups. It should be noted that pneumococci (S. pneumoniae) are members of gram-positive bacteria (diplococci) and become the main cause of various nosological forms of human infectious diseases (such as pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, bacteremia and meningitis). Existing pneumococcal vaccines (conjugate and polysaccharide) have some important limitations, for example, serotype dependence, loss of effectiveness due to a change in the serotype landscape, insufficient protective effect from non-invasive forms of pneumococcal infections and high production costs associated with the development of these products. The main part of the review presents the most important research papers that used modern proteomic technologies in the study of the S. pneumoniae proteomic profile. These works allow us to evaluate at the molecular level the importance of bacterial proteins as candidates for creating new combination vaccines that can effectively protect against the full range of pneumococcal serotypes circulating in the human population. So, in particular, the data are provided on the new methodology for the analysis of the proteome of extracellular S. pneumoniae bacterial microvesicles to identify immunoreactive protein antigens, potential candidates for inclusion into vaccines. As a result of these studies, 15 immunoreactive proteins were discovered, 7 of which are cytosolic and 8 proteins are bound to the cell surface (MalX, ABC transporter or substrate binding transport protein, AmiA, AliA, LytC, IgA1 protease, PspA and the putative precursor of β-galactosidase). These are possible candidates for developing combination vaccines. Additionally, the review presents data on the role of significant virulence factors of the protein nature of S. pneumoniae strains in nasopharyngeal colonization, increased infectivity, as well as on overcoming reactions of the host's immune response.
Резюме. Проведена оценка распространенности пневмококкового носительства у детей дошкольного воз-раста (часто болеющих детей с респираторными заболеваниями и практически здоровых организованных детей); изучены микробиологические особенности выделенных клинических изолятов S. pneumoniae. В ис-следование включены 511 штаммов S. pneumoniaе, выделенных от часто болеющих детей с респираторны-ми заболеваниями в возрасте от 6 месяцев до 7 лет в период с 2009 по 2016 гг., и 47 изолятов, выделен-ных от 200 практичес ки здоровых детей, посещающих детские дошкольные учреждения г. Казани (2016 г.). Среди 343 штаммов S. pneumoniae 76 изолятов были выделены в 2009-2011 гг., 82 штамма -в 2012-2013 гг.; 87 штаммов -в 2014 г.; 98 штаммов -в 2015 г.; 168 штаммов -в 2016 г. Анализ микробиоценоза носоглотки часто болеющих детей показал, что S. pneumoniae высевается в 32,9% случаев, причем у 58,4% детей -в виде монокультуры; степень колонизации (10 4 -10 6 КОЕ/мл). У 41,6% детей пневмококки контаминировали но-соглотку в составе бактериальных ассоциаций с другими респираторными патогенами (S. aureus, Moraxella spp., Haemophilus spp.). Анализ характера микробиоценоза носоглотки детей в возрасте 2,5-7 лет, посещаю-щих детские дошкольные учреждения г. Казани (n = 200), показал, что у 47 детей наблюдается контамина-ция S. pneumoniae (23,5%). При этом у 82,9% детей пневмококки выделены в монокультуре, степень контами-нации составила 10 3 -10 6 КОЕ/мл. По данным серотипирования, носоглотку часто и длительно болеющих детей в г. Казани колонизируют серотипы пневмококков, которые покрываются 13-валентной конъюгиро-ванной вакциной. Полученные данные о динамике антибиотикочувствительности изолятов S. pneumoniae, циркулирующих у часто болеющих детей с респираторной патологией, в г. Казани в 2009-2015 гг., позволя-ют констатировать высокую активность β-лактамных антибиотиков (от 96 до 90,8% чувствительных изоля-Адрес для переписки: Баязитова Лира Табрисовна 420015, Россия, Республика Татарстан, г. Казань, ул. Большая Красная, 67. Тел
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.