The rate of global deforestation and its impact on the environment has led particle board manufacture to search for alternative feedstock, especially in countries where wood is less available compared to other cellulosic natural product. Based on the properties of coconut fibre and PET bottle, these two materials can be recycle as raw material for manufacture of panel board. As for this study, the coconut fibre were used as the filler and PET bottle as outer lining of the panel board. Two types of coconut fibre were used which are grinding and un-grinding coconut fibre. At first, the coconut fibre are undergoes softening, grinding, drying and sieving process, while PET bottle was cleaning, shredding, sieving before compacted using hydraulic hot press machine. There are four types of testing that been carried out which are swelling, water absorption, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR). The result show the conventional board has the highest value for MOE test, so it’s indicate that the conventional board is less strength from the coconut fibre board. As for water absorption test, the average water absorption of coconut fibre based panel board is less than conventional board. Overall, the coconut fibre board is better than conventional panel board because coconut fibre board are less swelling, has low water absorption, high modulus of rupture and low modulus of elasticity. Based on the finding, this coconut fibre panel board has potential as a stronger and long-lasting panel board than the conventional board in the market. Other than that, the panel also have their own aesthetic value since the recycled plastic bottle used as outer lining is colourful and giving aesthetic value.
Flash floods commonly occur in urban areas due to a short period of heavy rainfall associated with the large impervious area and inadequate drainage system. An increase in the uncertainty of predicting flash floods, especially due to climate change, reduces the accuracy of the existing flood forecasting system. In such cases, the affected zone’s actual flood level data is required for more effective flood management and incident response. This study aims to develop a mobile application called Flood Meter to identify flood levels in real-time. It measured the flood level based on object scale and images taken by mobile phones. Although the validation using an actual flood event with three different types of mobile phones shows lack of accuracy but by considered the maximum flood level only 0.17 m and the result keep improving when flood level increase, it shows a potentially good agreement compared with manual measurement. The application can become an alternative method to disseminate accurate real-time flood situations as well as flood data collection for future flood risk management.
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