Abstract. Currently, much attention is paid to the monitoring of new biopathogens, which are formed as a result of targeted genetic manipulations resulting from human activity, and natural variability. The sensitivity of mutated organisms to various disinfectants can differ significantly from the sensitivity of the original varieties. Thus, the assessment of alimentary-caused biological risk factors in terms of resistance to the effects of chemical disinfectants is an important area of scientific research. The aim of the work is to assess the nutritionally determined biological risk factors in terms of resistance to the effects of chemical disinfectants. The research methods were general scientific methods of cognition, as well as the analysis of alimentary-caused biological risk factors in terms of resistance to chemical disinfectants, which was carried out by us, based on the standardized methodology for the epidemiological assessment of Dubyansky-Maletskaya. The analysis covered a three-year period from 2019 to 2021, and was carried out by us on the materials of the Ryazan region provided by the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Ryazan Region and the Main Directorate of Veterinary Medicine of the Ryazan Region. The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying the features of the manifestation of the sensitivity of alimentary-conditioned biological risk factors to various groups of chemical disinfectants. Results. Our study allowed us to draw the following conclusions: the resistance of alimentary-caused biological risk factors to chemical disinfectants is largely due to their etiological characteristics; among the group of pathogens with very low resistance to chemical disinfectants, the main share is occupied by risk factors of bacterial etiology; among the group of pathogens with medium resistance to chemical disinfectants, the main share is occupied by risk factors of viral etiology; among the group of pathogens with high resistance to chemical disinfectants, the main share is occupied by risk factors of helminthic etiology; a group of pathogens with a very high resistance to chemical disinfectants mainly consists of risk factors of helminthic etiology and spore-forming anaerobic bacteria.
Relevance. In order to obtain high-quality seed material, seed farms should pay great attention to crop cultivation technologies. At the same time, an important role is played by the implementation of such breeding measure as phyto-cleaning of breeding and seed plots, in order to identify and eliminate infected plants. However, it is worth noting the fact that the implementation of such measure requires the presence of highly qualified specialists capable of detecting plant diseases at early stages. However, currently there is a shortage of such employees in agriculture, and therefore the development of innovative digital technologies aimed at detecting infected plants is an urgent task. Currently, machine vision and neural network technologies designed to solve such problems are actively developing.Methods. As part of the research, existing machine vision technologies were analyzed, as well as developed machine learning technologies. Then, based on the analysis, a software package based on a convolutional neural network was developed. During the training and testing of the neural network, framing technologies, affine transformation methods, information and logical analysis of the initial information were used.Results. To determine the quality of the software package for the identification of diseased potato plants, a series of tests was conducted. During the research, the accuracy with which the distribution of plants to a particular group was carried out was evaluated. The analysis of the results showed that the chosen neural network design successfully coped with the experimental task. At the same time, for the further development of this direction, it is necessary to create an extensive information base on potato diseases. That will allow in the future to develop a software and hardware complex for the analysis of potato plantings and the identification of infected plants in real time.
Relevance. The use of complex multicomponent fertilizers in some cases is unjustified economically and can often lead to soil degradation. In such cases, in order to ensure the plantʼs need for the necessary nutrients, it is advisable to use fertilizer mixtures with a given number of components. Thus, in order to comply with the exact proportions of the components of the created fertilizer mixture, the task of creating an automation system becomes urgent, which includes not only a machine for mixing with a high coefficient of unevenness of the resulting fertilizer mixture, but also a software package for determining the component composition of the fertilizer mixture depending on the conditions of the economy, as well as an automated system of weight control and control of metering dampers working together.Methods. The technologies of production of flour mixtures are considered, the main types of mixing used in their creation are determined. To implement the project on automating the processes of flour mixing at the developed technological installation, the methods of analytical, comparative, information and logical analysis of the initial information were used.Results. А system of automated control of the technological process of fertilizer mixture was obtained at the developed fertilizer mixture plant, which allows using the joint work of all components in it to calculate the necessary composition and formulation of the fertilizer mixture, to obtain high-quality fertilizer mixtures due to accurate dosing of components and their biological modification.
Relevance. The article deals with the relevance of a quantitative assessment of the level of biological risk for alimentary-caused factors according to the epidemiological indicators of infectious morbidity in the Ryazan region over a five-year period. Alimentarycaused biological risk factors are pathogens of infectious and parasitic diseases of various etiologies transmitted with food products, which can be the causative agents of especially dangerous infections, acute intestinal infections, food poisoning or be a source of food poisoning.Methods. In the course of the research, we used statistical methods for analyzing and assessing cyclical trends in morbidity, predicting the dynamics of morbidity, comparing the dynamics of morbidity with the dynamics of alimentary-related biological risk factors.Results. To quantify the level of biological risk for alimentary-related factors according to the epidemiological indicators of infectious morbidity in the Ryazan region, threestage epidemiological diagnostics was carried out, including the stage of collecting and analyzing statistical information, a descriptive and analytical stage. The results of our analysis over a five-year period showed that the greatest danger at present in terms of food safety is posed by risk factors of bacterial etiology: Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (УРэпид = 365,572), diarrheagenic serovariants of Escherichia and bacteria of the Escherichia coli group (УРэпид = 367,230), as well as various Salmonella serovariants (УРэпид = 371,161).
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