The ground in Russia is frozen for between 2 and 9 months a year, resulting in a significant risk of frost heave damage -particularly on rural roads. While the standard solution is to use non-frost-susceptible materials up to the depth of frost penetration, such materials are not always readily available in the more remote parts of the country. This paper describes how research at universities in Saint Petersburg and Vologda has resulted in a new method for accurately predicting frost heave on roads built with frost-susceptible materials. The iterative method uses data from laboratory testing of frost heave in soils to determine the thickness of various grades of anti-frost layers that can then be incorporated in road construction to reduce heave. Russian regulations now allow the use of frost-susceptible materials for new road construction provided frost resistance has been calculated in accordance with the new method, resulting in significant cost savings.
This paper presents studies on increasing the ice strength using various additives. It is indicated that addition of wood fiber (artificial composition) and vegetable fiber (natural composition - frozen peat) to ice is an energy-efficient method to increase its strength. This enhances the possibilities of using ice during building and construction works in the Arctic. As an example, the authors proposed a floating ice pier design.
The paper discusses the negative impact of heaving soil during freezing of a road structure, including heaving formation. The provisions of normative methodology for testing the road structure for frost resistance are considered. The results of indirect and laboratory tests for determining the soil group by the degree of heaving are analyzed. The validity of influence of natural factors on frost heaving is considered. Proposals for improving the normative methodology are put forward.
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