In the western world, approximately 50% of all cancer patients receive radiotherapy alone or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy. Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) has in recent years been introduced to enhance precision of the delivery of radiation dose to tumor tissue. Fiducial markers are often inserted inside the tumor to improve IGRT precision and to enable monitoring of the tumor position during radiation therapy. In the present article, a liquid fi ducial tissue marker is presented, which can be injected into tumor tissue using thin and fl exible needles. The liquid fi ducial has high radioopacity, which allows for marker-based image guidance in 2D and 3D X-ray imaging during radiation therapy. This is achieved by surface-engineering gold nanoparticles to be highly compatible with a carbohydrate-based gelation matrix. The new fi ducial marker is investigated in mice where they are highly biocompatible and stable after implantation. To investigate the clinical potential, a study is conducted in a canine cancer patient with spontaneous developed solid tumor in which the marker is successfully injected and used to align and image-guide radiation treatment of the canine patient. It is concluded that the new fi ducial marker has highly interesting properties that warrant investigations in cancer patients.
SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA; Gadolinium-153), as an objective measure of limb functional status in the dog. The in vitro accuracy error expressed as the standard error of the estimate (SEE) for BMC and BMD measurements was 3.2% and 1.1% respectively, and the precision in vivo for measurements of BMC and BMD in the distal diaphysis of the tibia and fibula was 2.1% and 1.9% respectively. A significant difference in bone mineral between right and left leg was not found in normal dogs, and in these dogs the average percentage intra-individual difference, between bone mineral in the legs with the highest bone density and the legs with the lowest density, was 2.2% and 3.7% for BMC and BMD respectively. However the BMC and BMD in eight clinical cases of unilateral lameness were significantly decreased in the affected legs, when compared to the healthy contralateral legs, by 20.4% (P = 0.01) and 18.3% (P = 0.01)respectively. Measurements of BMC and BMD by DP A in weight-bearing extremities in the dog showed that bone mineral is highly sensitive to decreased loading of the extremity. This method might well be used not only as an objective measure of limb activity, but also for measurement of prospective changes in bone mineral, following treatment of musculoskeletal diseases and injuries.The feasibility of using bone mineral measurements by dual photon absorptiometry, as an objective measure of limb functional status in the dog, was evaluated. Precision and accuracy were calculated from in vitro and in vivo studies. In eight cases of unilateral lameness bone mineral was significantly decreased (20%) in the affected legs when compared to the healthy contralateral legs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.