Timely detection of surface damages on wind turbine blades is imperative for minimizing downtime and avoiding possible catastrophic structural failures. With recent advances in drone technology, a large number of high-resolution images of wind turbines are routinely acquired and subsequently analyzed by experts to identify imminent damages. Automated analysis of these inspection images with the help of machine learning algorithms can reduce the inspection cost. In this work, we develop a deep learning-based automated damage suggestion system for subsequent analysis of drone inspection images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve almost human-level precision in terms of suggested damage location and types on wind turbine blades. We further demonstrate that for relatively small training sets, advanced data augmentation during deep learning training can better generalize the trained model, providing a significant gain in precision.

ObjectivesTo evaluate effects of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise of two intensities on peripheral insulin sensitivity (primary outcome), cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass (secondary outcomes).Methods188 physically inactive, healthy women and men (20-45 years) with overweight or class 1 obesity were recruited. In the 6-month trial, 130 participants were randomised to either: no intervention (CON), active commuting (BIKE) or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, 50% VO2peak) or vigorous (VIG, 70% VO2peak) intensity. 100 completed follow-up testing. Exercise prescription was 5 days/week with a weekly exercise energy expenditure of 1600 kcal for women and 2100 kcal for men. Testing was performed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.ResultsPeripheral insulin sensitivity (ml/min/pmol insulin/L) increased (improved) by 24% (95% CI 6% to 46%, p=0.01) in VIG compared with CON at 3 months. Peripheral insulin sensitivity increased (improved) by 20% in BIKE (95% CI 1% to 43%, p=0.04) and 26% in VIG (95% CI 7% to 47%, p<0.01) compared with CON at 6 months. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased in all exercise groups compared with CON at 6 months; but the increase was higher in those that undertook vigorous exercise than those who did moderate exercise. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass diminished across all exercise groups in comparison to CON at 6 months.ConclusionsActive bike commuting improved cardiometabolic health; as did leisure-time exercise. Leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity conferred more rapid effects on peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as additional effects on cardiorespiratory fitness than did moderate intensity exercise.Trial registrationNCT01962259

Physical exercise increases peripheral insulin sensitivity, but regional differences are poorly elucidated in humans. We investigated the effect of aerobic exercise training on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in five individual femoral muscle groups and four different adipose tissue regions, using dynamic (femoral region) and static (abdominal region) 2-deoxy-2-[ ; mean(SD)], moderately overweight [BMI 28.1(1.8) kg/m 2 ], young [age: 30(6) yr] men were randomized to sedentary living (CON; n ϭ 17 completers) or moderate (MOD; 300 kcal/day, n ϭ 18) or high (HIGH; 600 kcal/day, n ϭ 18) dose physical exercise for 11 wk. At baseline, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was highest in femoral skeletal muscle followed by intraperitoneal visceral adipose tissue (VAT), retroperitoneal VAT, abdominal (anterior ϩ posterior) subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and femoral SAT (P Ͻ 0.0001 between tissues). Metabolic rate of glucose increased similarly (ϳ30%) in the two exercise groups in femoral skeletal muscle (MOD 24[9,39] , P ϭ 0.003) (mean[95% CI]) and in five individual femoral muscle groups but not in femoral SAT. Standardized uptake value of FDG decreased ϳ24% in anterior abdominal SAT and ϳ20% in posterior abdominal SAT compared with CON but not in either intra-or retroperitoneal VAT. Total adipose tissue mass decreased in both exercise groups, and the decrease was distributed equally among subcutaneous and intra-abdominal depots. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle but not in adipose tissue, which demonstrates some interregional differences. overweight; obesity; metabolism WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN that 11 wk of moderate-(ϳ30 min/day) and high-dose (ϳ60 min/day) aerobic physical exercise increases peripheral insulin sensitivity to the same extend in overweight men as measured by the hyperinsulinemicisoglycemic clamp technique (31). However, it was not addressed in which tissues the increase occurred. Skeletal muscle (constituting ϳ40% of body mass) is the major tissue involved in the glucose metabolism and an important site of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes (1). Insulin resistance is associated with a reduced percentage of red oxidative skeletal muscle fibers (10), as glucose uptake capacity is larger in red oxidative than in white glycolytic muscle fibers (12,17). Skeletal muscle shows regional heterogeneity metabolically and by distribution of fiber types, with the same tissue at different locations having different metabolic and structural properties (13,23). This metabolic heterogeneity is also found in adipose tissue (8).Physical training is well known to increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the leg as measured by Fick's principle (5, 6). However, this technique does not allow for differentiation between glucose uptake in various tissues of the leg or between individual muscle groups. Uptake of glucose in different tissues can be estimated noninvasively by use of computer tomography (CT) and PET using the glucose anal...