Theoretical models suggest that traits under divergent ecological selection, which also contribute to assortative mating, will facilitate speciation with gene flow. Evidence for these so-called “magic traits” now exists across a range of taxa. However, their importance during speciation will depend on the extent to which they contribute to reproductive isolation. Addressing this requires experiments to determine the exact cues involved as well as estimates of assortative mating in the wild. Heliconius butterflies are well known for their diversity of bright warning color patterns, and their amenability to experimental manipulation has provided an excellent opportunity to test their role in reproductive isolation. Here, we reveal that divergent color patterns contribute to mate recognition between the incipient species Heliconius himera and H. erato, a taxon pair for which assortative mating by color pattern has been demonstrated among wild individuals: First, we demonstrate that males are more likely to attempt to mate conspecific females; second, we show that males are more likely to approach pinned females that share their own warning pattern. These data are valuable as these taxa likely represent the early stages of speciation, but unusually also allow comparisons with rates of interbreeding between divergent ecologically relevant phenotypes measured in the wild.
ResumenSe estudió la diversidad genética mediante la técnica de RAPD en 37 accesiones de una colección del norte del Perú de "chago" o "mauka" Mirabilis expansa; Se obtuvieron 60 marcadores polimórficos con 9 de 19 iniciadores decaméricos. Se calcularon los índices de iniciador RAPD, obteniéndose los valores más altos con los iniciadores OPA04, OPA09 y OPA13, lo cual sugiere su uso valioso en futuras investigaciones con RAPD en colecciones más grandes o para especies de Mirabilis. Con el coeficiente de Simple Matching y el algoritmo UPGMA se obtuvo un dendograma del cual, a un coeficiente de 1, se observan 31 grupos. Esto indicaría unos 16.216 % de posibles duplicados en la colección de Germoplasma. Con un índice de similitud de 0.85 se encontró que se forman 8 clusters o grupos, sin coincidir en su mayoría con los 5 morfotipos reportados. Además se realizó un Análisis Molecular de Variancia con 2 componentes: interregional y entre accesiones/ región, cuyos valores fueron 21.69% y 78.3%, respectivamente; valores que sugieren una considerable contribución de variación genética gracias a las muestras de diversas partes del país. Palabras clave: RAPD, Mirabilis expansa, raíz tuberosa, diversidad genética, AMOVA Abstract A collection of 37 accessions of Mirabilis expansa, "chago" or "mauka" from northern Perú, was analyzed by RAPD assays and the molecular genetic diversity determined. In order to know which primer was more informative, the PIC values were summed up and a RAPD primer index calculated, resulting in the primers OPA04, OPA09 y OPA13 with the highest indexes, suggesting their potential utility in further research in Mirabilis species. From 9 of the 19 RAPD primers selected, we obtained 60 polymorphic markers, which yielded a Simple Matching Coefficient Dendogram, which shows 31 groups at a similarity index of 1. It also indicates a 16.216% of possible duplicates in the collection and with a similarity index of 0,85 we observed 8 clusters, with a significant difference compared to the morphological characterization data. An Analysis of Molecular Variance was performed, separating 2 variation components: among regions and among accessions/within region. The values obtained were 21,69% and 78,3% respectively, being both relatively high and showing considerable contribution of genetic variation from samples of diverse collection places. Key words: RAPD, Mirabilis expansa, Tuber roots, genetic diversity, AMOVA IntroducciónMirabilis expansa (Ruiz & Pavón) Standley conocida como "chago" en Cajamarca y como mauka en el sur del Perú o Bolivia. Es una Nyctaginaceae, planta promisoria distribuida desde el Ecuador, Perú hasta Bolivia; encontrándose parientes silvestres desde Venezuela hasta Chile (Seminario, 1993).Su importancia radica en que posee raíces reservantes con mayor contenido de proteínas, calcio y fósforo con respecto a otras tuberosas (Franco & Uceda, 1996), pudiendo complementar las deficiencias nutricionales del poblador andino. En otros estudios se ha encontrado que plantas del género Mirabilis pose...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.