This paper proposes a procedure for obtaining the load distribution in a four contact-point slewing bearing considering the effect of the structure’s elasticity. The uneven stiffness of the rings and the supporting structures creates a variation with respect to the results obtained with a rigid model. It is necessary to evaluate the effect of the elasticity on the increase in the contact forces in order to be able to design the slewing bearing and the structures involved in the connection. Depending on the shape of the structures, the contact force value obtained on the most loaded rolling element is different. The evaluation of this maximum force at extreme loads is essential to design the structures joined to the bearing rings. The new elastic model presented in this paper is highly nonlinear so iterative loops are needed in order to obtain a satisfactory solution. At the same time a finite element model (FEM) has been created for the global model, having also represented the rolling elements and their contact with the raceways. The results obtained using the FEM have been correlated with the results of the new procedure.
Background:The Ramsay scale is the most widely used scale during pediatric procedures although it has not been formally validated.Objective: To validate the Ramsay scale during invasive procedures under sedation in pediatrics.Methods: A prospective analytic study was conducted in two hospitals. All patients ≥6 months that were undergoing invasive procedures under sedation were enrolled.All were recorded, and these videos were edited and randomized. 150 videos were scored by four observers (a pediatrician, a pediatric intensive care unit nurse, an anesthetist, and an operating room nurse). All videos were scored with the Ramsay scale and University of Michigan Sedation Scale. Observers were blinded to drug administration. Construct validity was measured through Wilcoxon test paired samples after administration of sedatives. Criterion validity, intra-observer reliability, and interobserver correlation were evaluated by comparing the scores of the scales using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Interobserver agreement was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient. To assess test-retest reliability, 50 videos were randomly selected and reevaluated.Results: Sixty-five patients were included. Construct validity was demonstrated through changes in the Ramsay scale scoring after administration of sedatives (p < .0001). Regarding criterion validity, the Ramsay scale had a high correlation with the UMSS (ρ = 0.621). Intra-observer agreement was ρ = 0.884. The Ramsay scale showed interobserver reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.94 when comparing it with the University of Michigan Sedation Scale. Internal consistency was α = 0.91. Regarding applicability, in our study, it was applied in two hospitals in different areas by four professionals from distinct categories.
Conclusions:The Ramsay scale is valid, reliable, and applicable to monitoring sedation for invasive procedures under deep sedation in pediatrics.
Este artículo presenta un análisis de la corrupción como patología del bien común y de los síntomas que acompañan a la enfermedad. Analiza la corrupción como un problema ético: un vicio o hábito malo en el comportamiento moral de las personas que se convierte en un vicio del sistema social. En concreto, se insiste en que esa patología del bien común afecta particularmente a la condición fiduciaria de la autoridad, por lo que presenta una particular gravedad, tanto en sí misma como por las consecuencias que tiene para el sistema social mismo. Se analiza el caso positivo de Hong-Kong, donde, en un tiempo relativamente breve, fue posible erradicar sustancialmente la incidencia de la corrupción en la vida pública del territorio.
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