There has been analyzed the nature of the distribution of the oxidability of water. It is revealed that the nature of the distribution of indicator values during the year depends largely on the seasonal factor, and therefore the analysis of the distribution of oxidability is proposed to be studied separately for each month. A variation series is constructed and empirical distribution functions of oxidability distribution is derived. It is established that the law of water oxidability distribution differs from the normal and lognormal distributions, but it is described with sufficient accuracy by the gamma distribution or by a cubic polynomial function (being the simplest). The hypothesis about the distribution law is confirmed by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The water oxidability distribution function allows to determine the probability of exceeding the specified values of the indicator and quantitatively assess the risks of exceeding them, which can become the basis for developing solutions for managing water quality and increasing the efficiency of the water treatment process.
The nature of the total water hardness distribution in the river has been studied. It was found that during the year, changes in the total hardness largely depend on the seasonal factor, therefore, an analysis of the indicator distribution separately for each month was also made. Empirical distribution functions of the total hardness were found from the built-in variational series. It was found that the obtained distribution laws of the water total hardness differ from the normal and lognormal distributions, but are described quite accurately by the gamma distribution. The put forward hypotheses about the laws of distributions were tested by Kolmogorov’s goodness-of-fit test and confirmed. The distribution functions of the water total hardness describe the probabilities of occurrence of events in which the indicator will exceed or not exceed the specified values.
Risks of organoleptic (taste and odor) effects in drinking water from three water intake facilities are assessed, and research results are presented. The highest risk values for water hardness were identified in samples from infiltration water intake; the value for color-related risks was constant and equal to 0.001. For surface water intake samples, the values of water hardness and associated organoleptic risk are the lowest, compared to other water intakes, and do not exceed 0.008. Risk values of organoleptic effects associated with color at the surface water intake facilities are within the range of 0.001-0.003. The risk values for the taste, and odor effects due to turbidity are constant for all water intakes and equal to 0.002. There is no risk of developing organoleptic-olfactory products associated with the chemical oxygen demand parameter in all samples. The research shows that the overall values of the organoleptic risks are the highest in instances form infiltration water intakes compared with the surface water intake. In addition, the water hardness parameter contributes the most to overall organoleptic risks for all water intakes. The authors conclude that the risks associated with organoleptic (taste and odor) effects do not exceed an acceptable level, both for each indicator considered separately and for their combined effect.
Monitoring of the total water hardness in the river was carried out by means of mathematical modeling and statistical processing. The distribution laws of the total hardness are found separately for each month, which more accurately reflects the impact on the seasonality index. It is determined that the obtained empirical distribution functions of the indicator do not correspond to normal and log-normal distributions, but are quite accurately described by polynomials, which is confirmed by Kolmogorov’s goodness-of-fit criterion. The resulting distribution functions of the total hardness of water make it possible to predict the probabilities that the indicator will take certain values.
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