Purpose of research. Analysis of the accumulated information on design solutions used in the construction of buildings and structures made of wood, which ensured the safety of structural elements and materials, and allowing them to maintain their working condition for a long time. Study of the impact of operational impacts on building elements and development of recommendations for the restoration and preservation of timber buildings and structures classified as cultural heritage sites.Methods. Revealing the cause-and-effect relationships of the used design solutions and materials with the elimination of degradation processes in the supporting structures on the basis of office processing of the results of visual and instrumental examination.Results. We have collected data on the history, space-planning solution and constructive solution of the cultural heritage object. The cause-and-effect relationships of the protection of load-bearing structures from degradation phenomena in the materials of the structure by means of constructive and planning solutions for the building of the temple have been revealed.Conclusion. The building of the temple has a canonical space-planning solution, which allows maintaining a stable temperature, humidity and aeration mode of operation of the supporting structures of the building at any time of the year. The use of a rubble foundation made of phosphorite stone provides protection against uneven settlement of the building, as well as protects wooden structures from soil moisture. The phosphorite stone and the foundation binder are hydrophobic. A log-house technique has been used for erecting walls with a boarding (thin board) according to the type of a curtain facade, which provides ventilation of the log house. Ventilation of the floor, dome and its supporting structures are provided. The interior walls are decorated with currently unused materials that reliably protect the wood from atmospheric and biological harmful effects.
Purpose of reseach is determining the category of technical condition of building structures to assess the residual resource and service life of industrial facilities and urban infrastructure. Development of a fundamental technical solution to the problem of comprehensive restoration of a workable technical condition of building envelopes, including the provision of mechanical and heat engineering requirements.Methods. According to the current regulatory requirements for buildings put into operation, it is necessary to conduct an engineering survey at least once every 10 years. During the engineering survey of the building located at Kursk region, Kurchatovsky district, K. Libknekhta village, ul. Mira 1, significant defects and damages affecting the technical condition of the building envelope were revealed.Results. According to the results of studies, some factors were identified that need to be eliminated. The ways of solving the identified problems and defects associated with the building envelope are given and described in detail to restore the building to its proper position.Conclusion. When conducting surveys of building structures of buildings and structures, it is necessary to pay attention not only to strengthening building structures, but also to restoring the thermal characteristics of building envelopes and bringing them into line with the requirements of current regulatory documents. To accomplish this task, a reinforcement design has been developed that creates the necessary reinforcement and brings the thermal characteristics of the building envelope in line with modern requirements to ensure the necessary energy efficiency of the building envelope.
Purpose of research. Study of the influence of pine wood shelf life on endurance under compression along the grains, as well as grounds for results obtained. Wood is anisotropic, depending on the grains, the mechanical and physical properties of the material differ greatly. Methods Wood is anisatropic, the change in its endurance depends not only on conditions, shelf life, moisture, but also on the direction of the grains in the timber. However, the relevance of using this material still remains unchanged. The tests were carried out on a press of the UM-5 type. After carrying out the compression test, moisture tests were performed and the test results of the specimens were reported at 12% moisture. Untested samples were stored from 1981 to 2019 in the laboratory of the Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering at South-West University. In 2019, the stored samples were prepared for testing and tested. Results. To obtain substantiated data on the influence of wood shelf life on endurance, an experiment was carried out with the bars that had undergone a 39-year wait in the laboratory of the Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering. From among the samples, 16 samples were selected, which were tested for short-term compression load along the grains. For these samples diagrams “Load-displacement” were recorded on the press UM-5. The experiment showed two types of sample destruction which led to the corresponding conclusion. Conclusion. The strength characteristics revealed as a result of experiments from core and sapwood of pine on samples 20x20x30 in 1981 and in 2020 significantly differed from normal ones, this was influenced by a relatively small number of samples.
The test results for deriving of the dependencies of critical stress intensity factors on significant agents are presented for glued laminated timber. The dependencies of critical stress intensity factors on moisture content, width of cross section for I and II forms of fracture are investigated. For the second fracture form the influence of glue joint thickness within the limits of 0.07 - 0.35 mm was estimated. The influence on critical stress intensity factor was estimated also for the moisture content of wood within the limits of 12-35%, for crack front width within the limits of 30 - 140 mm, for loading velocity within the limits of 16 - 32 kN/min, for the form of crack tip, and the location of crack - in glue joint or in wood.
Features of thermal parameters measuring for various types of masonry and for single stones are presented. Problems are shown that appear during testing of some types of masonry. Tasks are posed for improving of test methods.
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