Architectural and Structural Principles of Construction of Wooden Buildings over a Hundred Years Old

Abstract

Purpose of research. Analysis of the accumulated information on design solutions used in the construction of buildings and structures made of wood, which ensured the safety of structural elements and materials, and allowing them to maintain their working condition for a long time. Study of the impact of operational impacts on building elements and development of recommendations for the restoration and preservation of timber buildings and structures classified as cultural heritage sites.Methods. Revealing the cause-and-effect relationships of the used design solutions and materials with the elimination of degradation processes in the supporting structures on the basis of office processing of the results of visual and instrumental examination.Results. We have collected data on the history, space-planning solution and constructive solution of the cultural heritage object. The cause-and-effect relationships of the protection of load-bearing structures from degradation phenomena in the materials of the structure by means of constructive and planning solutions for the building of the temple have been revealed.Conclusion. The building of the temple has a canonical space-planning solution, which allows maintaining a stable temperature, humidity and aeration mode of operation of the supporting structures of the building at any time of the year. The use of a rubble foundation made of phosphorite stone provides protection against uneven settlement of the building, as well as protects wooden structures from soil moisture. The phosphorite stone and the foundation binder are hydrophobic. A log-house technique has been used for erecting walls with a boarding (thin board) according to the type of a curtain facade, which provides ventilation of the log house. Ventilation of the floor, dome and its supporting structures are provided. The interior walls are decorated with currently unused materials that reliably protect the wood from atmospheric and biological harmful effects.

Experimental Determination of the Bearing Capacity of a Reinforced Concrete Floor Slab

“…По нашему мнению, полученные запасы прочности и жёсткости и трещиностойкости испытанной плиты перекрытия, опёртой по трём сторонам, можно объяснить не только запасами, заложенными при проектировании. Существует теория исследования конструктивных систем с распределёнными параметрами на критических уровнях энер-гии, показывающая, что классические теории сопротивления материалов, дают значительные запасы прочности и жёсткости [19,20]. Большинство стандартизированных методик расчёта строительных конструкций, отражённых в действующих сводах правил, основаны именно на классических теориях.…”

“…Это обусловлено теоретическими предпосылками расчетов, основанных на гипотезах о наступлении предельного состояния, невозможности учета всего многообразия строительных конструкций и возможных воздействий на них [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Одной из причин является бурное развитие композитных конструкций, для которых пока не существует достаточно адекватных расчетных моделей [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], но требуются экспериментальные результаты, позволяющие их построить.…”