The relevance of the subject is the significance of exploring the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating the cardiovascular system to improve the welfare of productive animals. Heart rate variability is a non-invasive research method that can be useful in exploring the health status of an animal and analysing its psychophysiological state in farm conditions. The purpose of the research – to determine the effect of the tone of autonomic nervous regulation on the cow’s body, which is reflected in changes in the sympathovagal balance. Experimental research was conducted on Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows. To explore the variability of heart rate, an electrocardiograph was used, followed by the determination of the main indicators according to the Baevsky method, which included the determination of mode, mode amplitude, variation range, autonomic balance index, autonomic rhythm index and stress index. Based on the results of the study, three experimental groups of animals were established: normotonics, vagotonics, and sympathotonics. Considering the results obtained, cows, depending on the influence of the tone of the autonomic nervous system, have differences in the activity of the cardiovascular system. It will result in different responses to stress, which in turn will affect their productivity. Determination of heart rate variability can be one of the indispensable indicators in analysing the health of an animal on a dairy farm. This issue is a promising area of research, especially when exploring the metabolic processes of high-yield cows to improve productivity while maintaining the physiological state of the animal
Nowadays, there are many different methods for diagnosing cow’ mammary gland diseases. This is a clinical examination of the general condition of the animal, organoleptic, physico-chemical, bacteriological research of the secretion of the mammary gland, radiological, ultrasound, laser, histological, cytological diagnostics, etc. Since all these methods in most cases are aimed at evaluating functional changes in the mammary gland and do not reflect the structural changes of the organ, so in the development of therapeutic and preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of pathological processes in the mammary gland in cows do not display information on pathomorphological changes in the tissues of mammary glands for mastitis of various forms. Histological diagnostics becomes an integral part of the clinical examination of animals in the activity of the doctor of veterinary medicine, because it allows taking into account the changes occurring in the tissues of the mammary gland, not only on the macroscopic, but also on the microscopic levels, which is especially important in differential diagnosis. Microscopic studies of biopsy revealed that normally the wall of the lacrimal alveolus consists of a single-layer cubic epithelium, a layer of myoepithelial (basintine) cells, a basement membrane and perialveolar connective tissue that contains numerous blood and lymphatic capillaries and nerve fibers. On the internal walls of the alveoli, there are secretory cells (lactoxytes) which, at different stages of their accumulation of secretion, or its separation into the lumen of the alveoli. The entire lumen of the alveoli is completely filled with a secret, which is rather intensely colored with eosin. In damaged alveoli, we detected the destruction of in situ lacticates, their excretion into the lumen with subsequent destruction there. In the destruction and removal of a small number of lacto-cysts in the lumen of the alveoli was a formed secret, in which an increased number of lactocytes and single neutrophils and lymphocytes were recorded. The given results indicate the pathohistological changes in cows’ mammary gland tissues under the chronic form of the mastitis. The method can be used as one of the important tests in the differential diagnosis of mastitis, which makes it possible to carry out in-depth study of the structure of the mammary gland of cows for various types of pathology using the method of biopsy of tissues from the affected area and the histological examination of the biopsy. Histology, as the most important scientific instrument of biology and medicine, is the only way to detect pathological changes in the tissues of the mammary gland. That is why histology of breast pathology serves as the most accurate diagnostic method in veterinary medicine and helps to choose the most effective way of treatment.
Prospects receipt and use of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells of an adult organism, determined by their basic properties and characteristics. Diploid cell cultures derived from mammalian tissues and organs, preserve their species and tissue specificity, but have a limited period of proliferation because of aging. Therefore, the use of mesenchymal stem cells is important. The ease of selection and availability of biological material makes them today to date, the most promising cell system. Studying the properties of stem cells in veterinary medicine has its own characteristics. They are in particular, taking into account specific characteristics of the cell material, which is important in practical veterinary regenerative therapy. There is a significant amount of minutes of culturing mesenchymal stem cells, but none of the authors do not focuses on the expression of biological properties of these cells by culturing. In the study of the biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells, there are many mysteries and the unknown, but today conducted preclinical and clinical studies for the introduction of these cells to correct the damaged organs and tissues of an animal body. Thus, the study and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms that form the specific features of the biological properties of stem cells in cattle is important and urgent to develop scientifically based methods of use of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative therapy of breast diseases in cows. Because of this work was perfected method of cultivation and crop deep freeze multipotent mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow of cattle. In studies we used mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow of healthy donor cows. For bone marrow, we used our improved method. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of the allocation of mesenchymal stem cells using heparin or sodium citrate indicates no significant differences and can be used both drugs. When cultured mesenchymal stem cells by cell separation density gradient fikola is more efficient, while the second method also can be. The proposed method of obtaining and culturing multipotent mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow of cattle makes it possible to obtain stem cells with high biological activity.
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