The article is devoted to the actual problem of wear resistance of elements of motor vehicles from the composition of aviation industry. As a research task, the authors determined an attempt to evaluate and analyze the effects of aggressive media on elastomers. The characteristic features of the current approach to the description of this process are also highlighted and described. In a process of engine operation, the base additives presented in engine oil "wear off", engine oil compositions change.The tribotechnical composition which used for gasoline engines has not only a washing effect (i.e. it removes carbone deposits and sediments from the surfaces of the powertrain parts), but it is also forms a wearresistant layer on the metal surface with a low friction coefficient. This ability of the tribotechnical composition (TC) is related to the sheet silicates which are the part of the structure (the active component is superdispersed particles of serpentines, chlorites and other minerals). According to literary sources, the sheet silicates are chemically neutral to all substances from the lubricant additives.
The physicochemical characteristics of petrol samples are studied. It is established that the fuel purchased at fuel stations corresponds to the standard parameters presented in the EURO standard for unleaded petrol. The presence of saturated hydrocarbons in petrol is determined using concentrated sulfuric acid, which reacts with unsaturated (alkenes, olefins) and aromatic hydrocarbons, without reacting with saturated hydrocarbons. The fractional composition of petrol samples is determined from the distillation temperatures measured by a mercury thermometer included in the automatic oil distillation apparatus ARNS-1E, acidity titration with an alcohol solution of potassium hydroxide gasoline mixtures with 80% ethanol. An acid-base phenolphthalein indicator (pH = 8.0-9.6) is used to indicate an excess of OH−. The density of the fuel samples is measured with oleometers (densimeters), octane numbers (ON) - indicator (Octanometer) OKTAN-IM. The limit of the permissible absolute error of the measurement of ON is ± 2 octane units. It is established that all petrols without exception contain saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. It is shown that of the seven samples studied, two samples have some peculiarities. It is concluded that when controlling the quality of fuel, it is necessary to take into account not only the conformity of the determined value to the parameter of the norm, but also the differences in the values of the indices obtained when testing a series of fuel samples.
In this paper the change in the properties of rubber products of automobile under the influence of temperatures and when working in an aggressive environment was studied by authors. The radial tire protector samples (Barum 155/70 R13 75T Brillantis 2) with dimensions not exceeding 2×10-2×1.5×-2×5×10-3 [m], seal samples (of 2108-170342-01 type) in the form of a semicircle of 2.7·10-2×7·10-3×2·10-3 [mm] size, both original and aged rubber samples were tested. Aging was carried out in a stream of air, forcibly pumped through the reactor with the rubber placed in it. The heat treatment time was 12-100 hours, the temperature was 70-150 ° C. The change in the properties of rubber was evaluated by the parameter of the change in the mass of the samples (original and aged) after their contact with the liquid. The resistance of rubber to the action of liquids was studied, the kinetics of rubber swelling was studied. As the standard liquid the isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) was used. The experiments were carried with synthetic engine oil (SEO) “GENESIS CLARITECH” 5W-30 and tribotechnical composition (tribotechnical compounds; TC) “ACTIVE PLUS” (“suprotec”). The use of tribotechnical composition as a test fluid for rubbers was motivated by the purpose of assessing the chemical activity of the “suprotec”, when used in engines operating under conditions of high loads. The kinematic viscosity of SEO and TC was determined (in the temperature range from 20 ° C to 100 ° C) by the HPLC-4 viscometers, the density (ρ) of the liquids was measured with oil-meters. The hardness of the rubber samples was evaluated by measuring the resistance of the rubber by immersion of the indenter (a spring-loaded rod) into it. The indicator of the hour type ICh-02 (accuracy class 0) was used as a gauge.
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