В работе анализируется работоспособность двух новых схемных решений систем пассивного отвода тепла со струйными аппаратами на основе экспериментальных исследований, проведенных на Приморской учебно-научной базе СПбГМТУ на многофункциональной исследовательской установке «Бета-К-ТСН». Целью проводимых экспериментальных исследований является изучение и анализ работоспособности, разрабатываемых схемных решений систем пассивного отвода тепла со струйными аппаратами для реакторных установок. В соответствии с поставленной целью был проведен ряд испытаний для схемных решений систем. В процессе испытаний в режиме реального времени экспериментально определялись характеристики и особенности функционирования объектов испытаний путем измерений параметров сред, и протекающих теплофизических процессов, производилась их регистрация и последующий анализ. Особенное внимание уделялось режимам первичного автоматического запуска струйных аппаратов систем пассивного отвода тепла, отвода тепла в процессе снижения подводимой мощности и автоматическому перезапуску струйных аппаратов. Результаты испытаний позволили выявить ряд особенностей функционирования предлагаемых систем и их отдельных элементов. The article analyzes the performance of two new circuit solutions for passive heat removal systems with jet based on experimental studies carried out on educational and scientific base of SMTU at the multifunctional research installation "Beta-K-TSN" at the Primorsk. The purpose of the experimental research is to study and analyze the functioning of the developed circuit solutions for passive heat removal systems with jet devices for reactor installations. In accordance with this goal, a number of tests were carried out for circuit solutions of systems. During the real-time testing, the characteristics and features of the functioning of test objects were experimentally determined by measuring the parameters of media and thermal processes, and their registration and subsequent analysis were performed. Special attention was paid to the modes of primary automatic start-up of jet devices for passive heat removal systems, heat removal in the process of reducing the input power, and automatic restart of jet devices. The test results revealed a number of features of the proposed systems and their individual elements.
Passive heat removal system (SPOT) designed for long-term heat removal of the core to the final absorber through the second circuit in case of out-of-design accidents. The system duplicates the corresponding active heat removal system to the final absorber if it is not possible to perform its design functions. In the development of security systems, there is a tendency to move from active to passive security systems.
After the accident at the Fukushima-1 NPP, the requirements for the safety of reactor facilities became more stringent, which led to the improvement of safety systems due to the transition from active principles of operation to safety systems with passive principles. An example of such a system is a passive heat removal system (hereinafter PHRS), which should transfer heat from the core of a nuclear steam generating unit to the final absorbers (sea water and/or atmospheric air) during normal and emergency cooling down, as well as when operating at low power static modes. without the participation of a steam turbine unit. Moreover, the process of heat removal should be carried out without using additional energy sources. This means that the PHRS must convert part of the removed heat energy into work on moving the coolant in it. Without the cost of electricity, this process can be carried out using natural circulation (EC) and/or steam-water jet devices (PVSA).
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