This article presents selected issues related to the selection methodology of the brake linings during the research process. It is a very important issue due to effect on the vehicle safety. Safety concerns are applicable to both road/track vehicles and aircraft. Scientific institutions and research centers make continuous efforts in order to improve brake lining materials and full-scale brakes. Analytical prediction of the friction material properties and behavior is not accurate enough due to complexity of the physical phenomena. Analysis of the friction materials is difficult due to scarce of data given by the manufacturers. Every friction material needs to be tested in order to prove its properties. First stage of the selection is the tests made in laboratory using both model and full-scale techniques. Because of the laboratory tests, following parameters are obtained: weight and geometrical brake wear, braking torque, friction coefficient and brake temperature. All of these factors must be taken into account for linings selection and design a prototype of the brake. Selection of the friction material can be performed in consideration of various requirements of the brake system users and law defined factors.
There has been a big increase in production and investments in wind turbines and wind farms in last 20 years. New generation of wind turbines is more reliable than from 1980’s are, which necessary condition is energy production is to play an important role among renewable energy sources. Over the last 30 years, the size of wind turbines increased 7 times, as nominal power increased nearly 14 times. At present, turbines capable of producing over 10 MW of power are being developed. The main reason for continued growth of turbines sizes is to minimize the energy cost per kilowatt-hour. However, it is worth remembering that according to the „square-cube law”, there is a maximum size after the surpassing of witch the cost of ever-larger turbines would grow faster than financial gain from the increased size. In this article, authors present energy storage methods and devices for wind power plants and cost-effectiveness of the individual energy storage methods. Authors also present data about energy storage efficiency and groups of energy storage devices for wind power plants such as: compressed-air power stations + gas turbine (CAES), utilizing underground wells, pumped storage power plants, rechargeable batteries (lithium-ion, lead-acid, sodium sulphur, VRB, zinc-flow, zinc-air, zinc-air), flywheels, hydrogen production and storage systems, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), electrostatic storage – electrolytic capacitors.
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